登录拦截几乎每个WEB系统都会用到.在这里记录一下自己对于Struts2登录拦截的简单实现.
逻辑也非常简单: 用户通过登录页面,进入到主页.如果不通过登录强行进入到主页,则会调转到登录页面.
1.前台的JSP页面
登录页-UserLogin.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>User Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user.action" method="post">
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Username:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="user.username" style="width: 100%"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Password:</td>
<td><input type="password" name="user.password" style="width: 100%"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
<input type="reset" value="重置"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
可以看到上面这段代码中form表单将数据提交到了user.action当中
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Login Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<span>登录成功</span><br/>
<span>当前用户: ${currentUser.username}</span><br/>
<span><a href="main.action">跳转</a>到主页</span>
</body>
</html>
上面是登录成功后的页面,将会显示登录的用户名以及一个跳转到main.action的链接
Main页-MainPage.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Main Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<span>主页</span><br/>
<span>当前用户: ${currentUser.username}</span>
</body>
</html>
同样,这个主页也会显示用户名.
错误页-ErrorPage.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Error Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<span>${error}<a href="UserLogin.jsp">登录</a></span>
</body>
</html>
错误页将会显示从Action/Interceptor传过来的错误信息,并且给出了跳转会登录页的链接.
2.后台代码
创建JavaBean
首先要建立一个User的JavaBean.内置的属性自然是username和password.
package com.struts.model;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
创建登录Action-LoginAction
package com.struts.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.struts.model.User;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.Map;
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
if ("admin".equals(user.getUsername()) && "admin".equals(user.getPassword())) {
// 获取ActionContext
ActionContext actionContext = ActionContext.getContext();
// 获取Session
Map<String, Object> session = actionContext.getSession();
session.put("currentUser", this.user);
System.out.println("登录成功");
return SUCCESS;
} else {
// 通过ActionContext获取request对象
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) ActionContext.getContext().get(ServletActionContext.HTTP_REQUEST);
request.setAttribute("error", "用户名密码错误,请重新");
System.out.println("登录失败");
return ERROR;
}
}
}
这里做的比较简单,只允许用户名/密码同为admin的用户登录.但其原理是通过ActionContext获取Session,并把设置了用户名/密码的User对象放入到Session当中.随后返回SUCCESS.相反,如果输入的用户名/密码不为admin,则通过ActionContext获取request对象.并把错误信息放置到request对象当中,最后返回ERROR.
创建拦截器-AuthInterceptor
package com.struts.intercept;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.Map;
public class AuthInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {
@Override
public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
ActionContext actionContext = actionInvocation.getInvocationContext();
Map<String, Object> session = actionContext.getSession();
Object currentUser = session.get("currentUser");
String result = null;
if (currentUser != null) {
result = actionInvocation.invoke();
} else {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) actionInvocation.getInvocationContext().get(ServletActionContext.HTTP_REQUEST);
request.setAttribute("error", "还未登录,请先");
result = "error";
}
return result;
}
}
这个拦截器很简单,首先ActionInvocation获取用户的Session.检查这个Session是否带有用户的信息(currentUser).如果currentUser不用为空,则代表当前用户已经登录过.继续执行actionInvocation.invoke(),返回SUCCESS,通过拦截器.如果currentUser为空,则代表用户并没有登录.此时通过actionInvocation获取request对象,将错误信息放置到request对象的属性当中.最后将result设置为ERROR.并返回.
主页的Action-MainAction
package com.struts.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class MainAction extends ActionSupport {
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("进入主页");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
在用户等会之后,登录成功也会有一个超链接,这个链接地址则是上面的MainAction.当MainAction的execute方法执行完毕之后会跳转到对应的MainPage.jsp当中.整个过程结束.
struts.xml的配置-重要
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true"/>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="loginInterceptor" class="com.struts.intercept.AuthInterceptor"/>
<interceptor-stack name="AuthStack">
<interceptor-ref name="loginInterceptor"/>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="AuthStack"/>
<global-results>
<result name="error">ErrorPage.jsp</result>
</global-results>
<action name="user" class="com.struts.action.LoginAction">
<result name="success">LoginSuccess.jsp</result>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
</action>
<action name="main" class="com.struts.action.MainAction">
<result name="success">MainPage.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
这是登录拦截的最主要部分,它直接关系着登录拦截是否实现正确,
在package标签当中,首先创建自定义的拦截器loginInterceptor.并且要创建一个全局的拦截器栈,当做默认拦截器栈.再设置一个全局结果集,全局结果集的意思是:当用户试图绕过登录页面进入到主页时,拦截器会生效并返回ERROR.进而通过配置将浏览器页面定向到ErrorPage.jsp当中.另外一个关键点在于全局拦截器栈和局部拦截器的关系.如果定义了全局默认的拦截器栈.并且action标签当中没有定义任何拦截器,则这个action会默认使用全局拦截器栈,相反,如果在action当中定义了局部拦截器,则全局拦截器不会对这个action起效果.这对于登录拦截比较重要,假设所有action都使用全局拦截器栈,则用户将无法登录(因为拦截器会首先使用session进行判断,没有session则无法登录).