24- 深度学习的模型保存和加载 (TensorFlow系列) (深度学习)

知识要点

keras 保存成hdf5文件, 1.保存模型和参数, 2.只保存参数

• 1.保存模型和参数
  • save_model
  • callback ModelCheckpoint
• 2. 只保存参数
  • save_weights
  • callback ModelCheckpoint save_weights_only = True

保存模型:

• 案例数据: Fashion-MNIST总共有十个类别的图像
• model.save_weights(os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_weights_2.h5'))      # 保存参数的方法
• 加载参数: model.load_weights(os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_weight.h5'))
• 保存模型: model.save(os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_model.h5'))
• 加载模型: model2 = keras.models.load_model(os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_model.h5'))
• 把keras模型保存成savedmodel格式: tf.saved_model.save(model, './keras_saved_model')

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一 模型保存和部署

• TFLite是为了将深度学习模型部署在移动端和嵌入式设备的工具包，可以把训练好的TF模型通过转化、部署和优化三个步骤，达到提升运算速度，减少内存、显存占用的效果。
• TFlite主要由Converter和Interpreter组成。Converter负责把TensorFlow训练好的模型转化，并输出为.tflite文件（FlatBuffer格式）。转化的同时，还完成了对网络的优化，如量化。Interpreter则负责把.tflite部署到移动端，嵌入式（embedded linux device）和microcontroller，并高效地执行推理过程，同时提供API接口给Python，Objective-C，Swift，Java等多种语言。简单来说，Converter负责打包优化模型，Interpreter负责高效易用地执行推理。

• Fashion-MNIST总共有十个类别的图像。每一个类别由训练数据集6000张图像和测试数据集1000张图像。所以训练集和测试集分别包含60000张和10000张。测试训练集用于评估模型的性能。

• 每一个输入图像的高度和宽度均为28像素。数据集由灰度图像组成。Fashion-MNIST,中包含十个类别，分别是t-shirt，trouser,pillover,dress,coat,sandal,shirt,sneaker,bag,ankle boot。

1.1 模型创建

• 导包

# 导包
from tensorflow import keras
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

• 时尚数据导入

# 时尚数据导入
fashion_mnist = keras.datasets.fashion_mnist
(x_train_all, y_train_all), (x_test, y_test) = fashion_mnist.load_data()
x_valid, x_train = x_train_all[:5000], x_train_all[5000:]
y_valid, y_train = y_train_all[:5000], y_train_all[5000:]

• 标准化

# 标准化
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler    # preprocessing 预处理
scaler = StandardScaler()

x_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(x_train.astype(np.float32).reshape(-1, 784))
x_valid_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(x_valid.astype(np.float32).reshape(-1, 784))
x_test_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(x_test.astype(np.float32).reshape(-1, 784))

• 创建模型

# 创建模型
model = keras.models.Sequential([keras.layers.Dense(512, activation = 'relu', input_shape = (784, )),
                                keras.layers.Dense(256, activation = 'relu'),
                                keras.layers.Dense(128, activation = 'relu'),
                                keras.layers.Dense(10, activation = 'softmax')])

model.compile(loss = 'sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
              optimizer = 'adam',
              metrics = ['accuracy'])

1.2 保存模型

# 保存模型
import os
logdir = './graph_def_and_weights'
if not os.path.exists(logdir):
    os.mkdir(logdir)
    
output_model_file = os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_weight.h5')
callbacks = [keras.callbacks.TensorBoard(logdir),  # 保存地址
             # 保存效果最好的模型: save_best_only
             keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint(output_model_file,    
                                             save_best_only = True, 
                                             save_weights_only = True),
             keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(patience = 5, min_delta = 1e-3)]   

history = model.fit(x_train_scaled, y_train, epochs = 10,
                    validation_data= (x_valid_scaled, y_valid),
                    callbacks = callbacks)

• 保存模型

# 保存模型
output_model_file2 = os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_model.h5')
model.save(output_model_file2)

•  保存参数

# 另一种保存参数的方法
model.save_weights(os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_weights_2.h5'))

• 模型评估

# evaluate 评估
model.evaluate(x_valid_scaled, y_valid)   # [0.35909169912338257, 0.88919997215271]

• 模型加载

# 加载模型
model2 = keras.models.load_model(output_model_file2)
model2.evaluate(x_valid_scaled, y_valid)  # [0.35909169912338257, 0.88919997215271]

二 保存模型为savemodel格式

# 把keras模型保存成savedmodel格式
tf.saved_model.save(model, './keras_saved_model')

•  读取模型

# 加载savedmodel模型
loaded_saved_model = tf.saved_model.load('./keras_saved_model')
loaded_saved_model

 2.1 另一种保存

# 保存模型
import os
logdir = './graph_def_and_weights'
if not os.path.exists(logdir):
    os.mkdir(logdir)
    
output_model_file = os.path.join(logdir, 'fashion_mnist_weight.h5')
model.load_weights(output_model_file)

三 tflite_interpreter 的使用

• 导包

from tensorflow import keras
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os

with open('./tflite_models/concrete_func_tf_lite', 'rb') as f:
    concrete_func_tflite = f.read()

• 创建interpreter

# 创建interpreter
interpreter = tf.lite.Interpreter(model_content = concrete_func_tflite)
# 分配内存
interpreter.allocate_tensors()

input_details = interpreter.get_input_details()
output_details = interpreter.get_output_details()

• 预测数值

input_data = tf.constant(np.ones(input_details[0]['shape'], dtype = np.float32))
# 传入预测数据
interpreter.set_tensor(input_details[0]['index'], input_data)

# 执行预测
interpreter.invoke()

# 获取输出
output_results = interpreter.get_tensor(output_details[0]['index'])
print(output_results)

四 to_concrete_function

• 加载文件

# 从文件加载
loaded_keras_model = keras.models.load_model('./graph_def_and_weights/fashion_mnist_model.h5')
loaded_keras_model(np.ones((1, 784)))

• 把keras模型转化为concrete function

# 把keras模型转化为concrete function
run_model = tf.function(lambda x: loaded_keras_model(x))
keras_concrete_func = run_model.get_concrete_function(tf.TensorSpec(loaded_keras_model.inputs[0].shape,
                                              loaded_keras_model.inputs[0].dtype))

# 使用
keras_concrete_func(tf.constant(np.ones((1, 784), dtype = np.float32)))

五 to_quantized_tflite

5.1 keras to tflite

# 从文件加载
loaded_keras_model = keras.models.load_model('./graph_def_and_weights/fashion_mnist_model.h5')
loaded_keras_model

# lite 精简版模型   # 创建转化器
keras_to_tflite_converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_keras_model(loaded_keras_model)
keras_to_tflite_converter

# 给converter添加量化的优化  # 把32位的浮点数变成8位整数
keras_to_tflite_converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE]

# 执行转化
keras_tflite = keras_to_tflite_converter.convert()

# 写入指定文件
import os
if not os.path.exists('./tflite_models'):
    os.mkdir('./tflite_models')
    
with open('./tflite_models/quantized_keras_tflite', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(keras_tflite)

5.2 concrete function to tflite

# 把keras模型转化成concrete function
run_model = tf.function(lambda x: loaded_keras_model(x))
keras_concrete_func = run_model.get_concrete_function(tf.TensorSpec(loaded_keras_model.inputs[0].shape,
                                                                    loaded_keras_model.inputs[0].dtype))

concrete_func_to_tflite_converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_concrete_functions([keras_concrete_func])
concrete_func_to_tflite_converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE]
concrete_func_tflite = concrete_func_to_tflite_converter.convert()

with open('./tflite_models/quantized_concrete_func_tf_lite', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(concrete_func_tflite)

5.3 saved_model to tflite

saved_model_to_tflite_converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_saved_model('./keras_saved_model/')
saved_model_to_tflite_converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE]
saved_model_tflite = saved_model_to_tflite_converter.convert()

with open('./tflite_models/quantized_saved_model_tflite', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(saved_model_tflite)