类的反射

反射

1 什么是反射

反射的概念是由Smith在1982年首次提出的，主要是指程序可以访问、检测和修改它本身状态或行为的一种能力（自省）。这一概念的提出很快引发了计算机科学领域关于应用反射性的研究。它首先被程序语言的设计领域所采用,并在Lisp和面向对象方面取得了成绩。

2 python面向对象中的反射

通过字符串的形式操作对象相关的属性。python中的一切事物都是对象（都可以使用反射）

四个可以实现自省的函数：
hasattr

def hasattr(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    """
    Return whether the object has an attribute with the given name.
    
    This is done by calling getattr(obj, name) and catching AttributeError.
    """
    pass

getattr

def getattr(object, name, default=None): # known special case of getattr
    """
    getattr(object, name[, default]) -> value
    
    Get a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y.
    When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't
    exist; without it, an exception is raised in that case.
    """
    pass

setattr

def setattr(x, y, v): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    Sets the named attribute on the given object to the specified value.
    
    setattr(x, 'y', v) is equivalent to ``x.y = v''
    """
    pass

delattr

def delattr(x, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    Deletes the named attribute from the given object.
    
    delattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to ``del x.y''
    """
    pass

一个示例更能生动的展示出来

class Person():
    z='hello world'
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age

    def say(self):
        print('hi,%s'%self.name)

obj=Person('zs',28)

# 检测是否含有某属性
print(hasattr(obj,'name'))
print(hasattr(obj,'say'))

# 获取属性
n=getattr(obj,'name')
print(n)
func=getattr(obj,'say')
print(func)

# 设置属性
setattr(obj,'lr',True)
setattr(obj,'show_name',lambda self:self.name+'lr')
print(obj.__dict__)
print(obj.show_name(obj))

# 删除属性
delattr(obj,'age')
delattr(obj,'show_name')
print(obj.__dict__)