本文展示了两个Java编程实例：银行客户与账户管理软件，包括Customer、Account和Bank类的实现，以及银行类的增删查改操作。同时，探讨了super关键字在调用父类属性、方法和构造器中的应用。此外，提供了圆柱体类Cylinder扩展圆形类Circle的示例，展示了继承和面积体积计算。
day11复习
1. 练习：Bank-Customer[]-Account
- Account类
package com.atguigu.exer1;
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 10:22
*/
public class Account { //账户类
private double balance;
public Account(double init_balance){
this.balance = init_balance;
}
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void deposit(double amt){
if(amt > 0){
balance += amt;
System.out.println("成功存入：" + amt);
}
}
public void withdraw(double amt){
if(balance >= amt){
balance -= amt;
System.out.println("成功取出：" + amt);
}else{
System.out.println("余额不足，取款失败");
}
}
}
- Customer类
package com.atguigu.exer1;
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 10:25
*/
public class Customer { //客户类
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private Account account;
public Customer(String firstName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public Account getAccount() {
return account;
}
public void setAccount(Account account) {
this.account = account;
}
}
- Bank类
package com.atguigu.exer1;
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 10:26
*/
public class Bank {//银行类
private Customer[] customers = new Customer[10]; //用于保存银行中的多个客户
private int numberOfCusotomers;//用于记录银行中实际的客户个数
public Bank(){
// customers = new Customer[10];
}
// addCustomer 方法必须依照参数（姓，名）构造一个新的 Customer对象，
// 然后把它放到 customer 数组中。还必须把 numberOfCustomers 属性的值加 1。
public void addCustomer(String f,String l){
if(numberOfCusotomers < customers.length){
Customer cust = new Customer(f,l);
// customers[numberOfCusotomers] = cust;
// numberOfCusotomers++;
//合并
customers[numberOfCusotomers++] = cust;
System.out.println("添加成功");
}else{
System.out.println("添加失败");
}
}
// getNumOfCustomers 方法返回 numberofCustomers 属性值
public int getNumOfCustomers(){
return numberOfCusotomers;
}
//getCustomer方法返回与给出的index参数相关的客户
public Customer getCustomer(int index){
if(index < 0 || index >= numberOfCusotomers){
return null;
}
return customers[index];
}
}
- 代码测试
package com.atguigu.exer1;
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 10:33
*/
public class BankTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bank bank = new Bank();
bank.addCustomer("康","孙");
bank.addCustomer("智","吕");
System.out.println("银行客户个数为：" + bank.getNumOfCustomers());
Customer customer = bank.getCustomer(1);
if(customer == null){
System.out.println("未找到指定的客户");
}else{
customer.setAccount(new Account(2000));
System.out.println("给客户添加账户成功");
}
bank.getCustomer(1).getAccount().withdraw(500);
}
}
- 内存简图
2. 项目二：客户信息管理软件
- Customer类
package com.atguigu.p2;
/**
* Customer为实体类，用来封装客户信息
*
* @author shkstart
* @create 11:28
*/
public class Customer {
private String name;//客户姓名
private char gender; //性别
private int age; //年龄
private String phone;//电话号码
private String email; //电子邮箱
public Customer() {
}
public Customer(String name, char gender, int age, String phone, String email) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.phone = phone;
this.email = email;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public char getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(char gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getDetails(){
return name + "\t" + gender + "\t\t" + age + "\t\t\t" + phone + "\t\t" + email;
}
}
- 实现CustomerList(这是项目二的重心)
package com.atguigu.p2;
/**
* CustomerList为Customer对象的管理模块，内部使用数组管理一组Customer对象
*
* @author shkstart
* @create 11:31
*/
public class CustomerList {
private Customer[] customers; //用来保存客户对象的数组
private int total = 0; //记录已保存客户对象的数量
/**
* 用途：构造器，用来初始化customers数组
* @param totalCustomer 指定customers数组的最大空间
*/
public CustomerList(int totalCustomer){
customers = new Customer[totalCustomer];
}
/**
* 用途：将参数customer添加组中最后一个客户对象记录之后
* @param customer 指定要添加的客户对象
* @return 添加成功返回true；false表示数组已满，无法添加
*/
public boolean addCustomer(Customer customer){
if(total < customers.length){
customers[total++] = customer;
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 用途：用参数customer替换数组中由index指定的对象
* @param index 指定所替换对象在数组中的位置，从0开始
* @param cust 指定替换的新客户对象
* @return 替换成功返回true；false表示索引无效，无法替换
*/
public boolean replaceCustomer(int index, Customer cust){
if(index < 0 || index >= total){
return false;
}
customers[index] = cust;
return true;
}
/**
* 用途：从数组中删除参数index指定索引位置的客户对象记录
* @param index 指定所删除对象在数组中的索引位置，从0开始
* @return 删除成功返回true；false表示索引无效，无法删除
*/
public boolean deleteCustomer(int index){
if(index < 0 || index >= total){
return false;
}
//在index位置上找到了元素
for(int i = index;i < total - 1;i++){
customers[i] = customers[i + 1];
}
// customers[total - 1] = null;
// total--;
//合并
customers[--total] = null;
return true;
}
/**
* 用途：返回数组中记录的所有客户对象
* @return 数组中包含了当前所有客户对象，该数组长度与对象个数相同
*/
public Customer[] getAllCustomers(){
Customer[] custs = new Customer[total];
for(int i = 0;i < custs.length;i++){
custs[i] = customers[i];
}
return custs;
}
/**
*用途：返回参数index指定索引位置的客户对象记录
* @param index 指定所要获取的客户在数组中的索引位置，从0开始
* @return 封装了客户信息的Customer对象
*/
public Customer getCustomer(int index){
if(index < 0 || index >= total){
return null;
}
return customers[index];
}
/**
* 获取客户对象的个数
* @return
*/
public int getTotal(){
return total;
}
}
-
CustomerView
- 整体框架
package com.atguigu.p2; /** * CustomerView为主模块，负责菜单的显示和处理用户操作 * @author shkstart * @create 11:54 */ public class CustomerView { private CustomerList customerList = new CustomerList(10); //进入主界面 public void enterMainMenu(){ boolean isFlag = true; while(isFlag){ System.out.println("-----------------客户信息管理软件-----------------\n"); System.out.println(" 1 添 加 客 户"); System.out.println(" 2 修 改 客 户"); System.out.println(" 3 删 除 客 户"); System.out.println(" 4 客 户 列 表"); System.out.println(" 5 退 出\n"); System.out.print(" 请选择(1-5)："); char menu = CMUtility.readMenuSelection(); switch(menu){ case '1': addNewCustomer(); break; case '2': modifyCustomer(); break; case '3': deleteCustomer(); break; case '4': listAllCustomers(); break; case '5': System.out.println("退出"); break; } } } //添加客户 private void addNewCustomer(){ System.out.println("添加客户"); } //修改客户 private void modifyCustomer(){ System.out.println("修改客户"); } //删除客户 private void deleteCustomer(){ System.out.println("删除客户"); } //显示客户列表 private void listAllCustomers(){ System.out.println("显示客户列表"); } //主方法 public static void main(String[] args){ CustomerView view = new CustomerView(); view.enterMainMenu(); } }- 接下来实现针对于数组的添加、删除、修改、查询操作
package com.atguigu.p2; /** * CustomerView为主模块，负责菜单的显示和处理用户操作 * @author shkstart * @create 11:54 */ public class CustomerView { private CustomerList customerList = new CustomerList(10); public CustomerView(){ customerList.addCustomer(new Customer("张三",'男',23,"13012341234","zhangs@gmail.com")); customerList.addCustomer(new Customer("李四",'男',43,"13012341234","zhangs@gmail.com")); } //进入主界面 public void enterMainMenu(){ boolean isFlag = true; while(isFlag){ System.out.println("-----------------客户信息管理软件-----------------\n"); System.out.println(" 1 添 加 客 户"); System.out.println(" 2 修 改 客 户"); System.out.println(" 3 删 除 客 户"); System.out.println(" 4 客 户 列 表"); System.out.println(" 5 退 出\n"); System.out.print(" 请选择(1-5)："); char menu = CMUtility.readMenuSelection(); switch(menu){ case '1': addNewCustomer(); break; case '2': modifyCustomer(); break; case '3': deleteCustomer(); break; case '4': listAllCustomers(); break; case '5': // System.out.println("退出"); System.out.print("确认是否退出(Y/N)："); char isExit = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection(); if(isExit == 'Y'){ isFlag = false; } break; } } } //添加客户 private void addNewCustomer(){ // System.out.println("添加客户"); System.out.println("---------------------添加客户---------------------"); System.out.print("姓名："); String name = CMUtility.readString(8); System.out.print("性别："); char gender = CMUtility.readChar(); System.out.print("年龄："); int age = CMUtility.readInt(); System.out.print("电话："); String phone = CMUtility.readString(13); System.out.print("邮箱："); String email = CMUtility.readString(25); Customer customer = new Customer(name, gender, age, phone, email); boolean addSuccessed = customerList.addCustomer(customer); if(addSuccessed){ System.out.println("---------------------添加完成---------------------"); }else{ System.out.println("很遗憾，客户列表已满，添加失败！"); } } //修改客户 private void modifyCustomer(){ // System.out.println("修改客户"); System.out.println("---------------------修改客户---------------------"); Customer customer; int number; for(;;){ System.out.print("请选择待修改客户编号(-1退出)："); number = CMUtility.readInt(); if(number == -1){ return; //结束方法 } customer = customerList.getCustomer(number-1); if(customer == null){ System.out.println("无法找到指定客户！"); }else{ break; } } //代码能执行到此，其实就意味着找到了指定编号的客户。下面进行修改即可 System.out.print("姓名(" + customer.getName() + ")："); String name = CMUtility.readString(8, customer.getName()); System.out.print("性别(" + customer.getGender() + ")："); char gender = CMUtility.readChar(customer.getGender()); System.out.print("年龄("+ customer.getAge() +")："); int age = CMUtility.readInt(customer.getAge()); System.out.print("电话("+ customer.getPhone() +")："); String phone = CMUtility.readString(13, customer.getPhone()); System.out.print("邮箱("+ customer.getEmail() +")："); String email = CMUtility.readString(25, customer.getEmail()); Customer cust = new Customer(name,gender,age,phone,email); boolean replaceSuccessed = customerList.replaceCustomer(number-1, cust); if(replaceSuccessed){ System.out.println("---------------------修改完成---------------------"); }else{ System.out.println("---------------------修改失败---------------------"); } } //删除客户 private void deleteCustomer(){ // System.out.println("删除客户"); System.out.println("---------------------删除客户---------------------"); Customer customer; int number; for(;;){ System.out.print("请选择待删除客户编号(-1退出)："); number = CMUtility.readInt(); if(number == -1){ return; //结束方法 } customer = customerList.getCustomer(number-1); if(customer == null){ System.out.println("无法找到指定客户！"); }else{ break; } } //代码能执行到此，其实就意味着找到了指定编号的客户。下面进行删除即可 System.out.print("确认是否删除(Y/N)："); char isDelete = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection(); if(isDelete == 'Y'){ boolean deleteSuccessed = customerList.deleteCustomer(number - 1); if(deleteSuccessed){ System.out.println("---------------------删除完成---------------------"); }else{ System.out.println("---------------------删除失败---------------------"); } } } //显示客户列表 private void listAllCustomers(){ System.out.println("---------------------------客户列表---------------------------"); System.out.println("编号\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t\t电话\t\t\t邮箱"); //思路1： // Customer[] customers = customerList.getAllCustomers(); // if(customers.length == 0){ // System.out.println("客户列表中没有任何客户信息！"); // }else{ // // } //思路2 int total = customerList.getTotal(); if(total == 0){ System.out.println("客户列表中没有任何客户信息！"); }else{ Customer[] customers = customerList.getAllCustomers(); for(int i = 0;i <customers.length;i++){ Customer cust = customers[i]; System.out.println(i + 1 + "\t\t" + cust.getDetails()); } } System.out.println("-------------------------客户列表完成-------------------------"); } //主方法 public static void main(String[] args){ CustomerView view = new CustomerView(); view.enterMainMenu(); } }
3. super关键字的使用
* super关键字的使用
*
可以用来调用：属性、方法、构造器
3.1 super调用属性、方法
2. super调用属性、方法
*
* 继承以后，我们在子类的方法中，可以通过"super.属性"或"super.方法"的方式，调用父类中的指定的属性或方法。
*
* 2.1 一般情况下，"super.属性"调用父类属性时，我们都选择省略"super."。但是当子类与父类中声明了同名的属性时，为了区分两个属性，我们可以使用"super.属性"表示调用的是父类的属性，而使用"this.属性"表示调用子类的属性。
* > 注意：开发中，我们尽量避开子父类中定义同名的属性
* 2.2 当子类重写了父类的方法以后，我们在子类方法中，如果希望调用父类中被重写的方法，则可以使用"super.方法"的方式。
*
package com.atguigu.java;
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 16:21
*/
public class Person {
String name;
int age;
int id = 1001;
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Person() {
}
public void eat(){
System.out.println("人吃饭");
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("name : " + name + ", age : " + age);
}
public void sleep(){
System.out.println("人睡觉");
}
}
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 16:21
*/
public class Student extends Person {
String major;
int id = 1002;
// int id = 1003;
public Student(){
}
public Student(String major){
this.major = major;
}
public void study(){
System.out.println("学生学习");
}
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("学生应该多吃有营养的食物");
}
public void info(){
System.out.println("name : " + this.name);
System.out.println("age : " + this.age);
System.out.println("major : " + this.major);
System.out.println("id : " + this.id);//1002
System.out.println("id : " + super.id); //1001
}
public void display(){
this.sleep();
this.eat();//调用子类重写的方法
super.eat();//调用父类中被重写的方法
}
}
- 课后练习
package com.atguigu.exer2;
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 15:32
*/
public class Circle {
private double radius ;//半径
public Circle(){
System.out.println("Circle()....");
radius = 1;
}
public double getRadius() {
return radius;
}
public void setRadius(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
//计算圆的面积
public double findArea(){
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
}
package com.atguigu.exer2;
/**
* @author shkstart
* @create 15:34
*/
public class Cylinder extends Circle{//圆柱类
private double length;//高度
public Cylinder(){
// super();
length = 1;
}
public double getLength() {
return length;
}
public void setLength(double length) {
this.length = length;
}
public double findVolume(){//返回圆柱的体积
// return Math.PI * getRadius() * getRadius() * length;
return super.findArea() * length;
}
//求圆柱的表面积
public double findArea(){
// return Math.PI * getRadius() * getRadius() * 2 + 2 * Math.PI * getRadius() * length;
return super.findArea() * 2 + 2 * Math.PI * getRadius() * length;
}
}
- 课后练习
package com.atguigu.exer3;
class Account{ //账户
private double balance = 100;//余额
public void withdraw(double amt){ //取钱 父类被重写的方法
if(amt <= balance){
balance -= amt;
System.out.println("成功取出：" + amt);
}else{
System.out.println("取款失败");
}
}
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
}
class CheckingAccount extends Account {//信用卡账户
private double protectedInit = 5000;//透支额度
public void withdraw(double amt){ //子类重写的方法
if(amt <= getBalance()){
super.withdraw(amt);
System.out.println("成功取出：" + amt);
}else if(amt <= getBalance() + protectedInit){
protectedInit -= (amt - getBalance());
super.withdraw(getBalance());
System.out.println("使用了信用资金。成功取出：" + amt);
}else{
System.out.println("取款失败");
}
}
public double getProtectedInit() {
return protectedInit;
}
}
3.2 super调用构造器
super调用构造器
* > 在子类的构造器中，可以使用"super(参数列表)"的方式显式的调用直接父类中指定的构造器。
* > "super(参数列表)"结构，必须声明在构造器的首行
* > 在任何一个构造器中，"super(参数列表)"结构 和 "this(参数列表)"结构只能二选一
* > 如果在子类的构造器中，没有显式的使用"super(参数列表)"结构和 "this(参数列表)"结构的话，
* 则默认调用"super()"
* > 如果一个类有n个构造器，则最多有 n - 1个构造器中使用了"this(参数列表)"结构，
* 至少有一个使用了"super(参数列表)"
> 结论1：一个构造器的首行，不是使用了"this(参数列表)"，就是使用了"super(参数列表)" (除java.lang.Object外)
> 结论2：通过构造器创建类的对象，我们说一定会直接或间接的调用到当前类的直接父类的构造器，乃至于父类的父类的构造器，。。。。直到调用到java.lang.Object类的构造器。
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