Bean的生命周期
1、什么是Bean的生命周期
Bean从创建—>初始化—>销毁的过程
2、自定义初始化方法和销毁方法
我们可以自定义初始化和销毁方法;容器在Bean进行到当前周期的时候来调用我们自定义的初始化方法和销毁方法
初始化和销毁方法有四种方式,我们如何来定义呢?
- 来指定初始化和销毁方法—>指定init-method和destroy-method方法
我们先来写一个Car类
package com.markus.bean;
/**
* Author:markusZhang
* degree of proficiency:
* Date:Create in 2020/6/1 22:55
*/
public class Car {
public Car(){
System.out.println("car ... construct");
}
public void init(){
System.out.println("init()...");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("destroy()...");
}
}
将这个Bean注册到容器当中
package com.markus.config;
import com.markus.bean.Car;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Author:markusZhang
* degree of proficiency:
* Date:Create in 2020/6/1 22:43
*/
@Configuration
public class SpringConfigOfLifeCycle {
//利用Bean的initMethod和destroyMethod来指定创建Bean后的初始化方法和销毁方法
@Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
public Car car(){
return new Car();
}
}
测试类:
package com.markus.test;
import com.markus.config.SpringConfigOfLifeCycle;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
/**
* Author:markusZhang
* degree of proficiency:
* Date:Create in 2020/6/1 22:58
*/
public class IOCTestBeanLife {
@Test
public void test(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfigOfLifeCycle.class);
System.out.println("容器启动");
applicationContext.close();//关闭容器,单实例Bean销毁
}
}
测试结果:
初始化时机:对象创建完成,并且赋值好,调用初始化方法
销毁时机:容器关闭的时候进行销毁
但是一定要注意Bean的作用域是单实例Bean还是多实例Bean
如果在单实例Bean的情况下,初始化和销毁时机都是正常的,而当Bean是多实例Bean的时候,只有在获取该对象的时候才会调用初始化方法,并且容器关闭的话,也不会调用销毁方法
2. 通过实现InitializingBean(定义初始化逻辑)、实现DisposableBean(定义销毁逻辑)
代码实现:
package com.markus.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Author:markusZhang
* degree of proficiency:
* Date:Create in 2020/6/2 22:06
*/
@Component
public class Cat implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
public Cat(){
System.out.println("cat ... constructor...");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("容器已关闭...destroy");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("对象已被创建...afterPropertiesSet...");
}
}
- 第三种方式就是通过jsr250规范,有两个注解@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy,第一个注解表示:在调用完构造器之后,进行操作;第二个注解表示:在容器销毁Bean之前通知清理工作
代码类:
package com.markus.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
/**
* Author:markusZhang
* degree of proficiency:
* Date:Create in 2020/6/2 22:17
*/
@Component
public class Dog {
public Dog(){
System.out.println("dog ... construct...");
}
@PostConstruct
public void postConstruct(){
System.out.println("postConstruct...");
}
@PreDestroy
public void preDestroy(){
System.out.println("preDestroy...");
}
}
- 还有一种方法就是实现spring的BeanPostProcessor的接口,重写它的两个方法,它的作用是在Bean初始化前后做些工作
实现类
package com.markus.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
**
* Author:markusZhang
* degree of proficiency:
* Date:Create in 2020/6/2 22:33
*/
@Component
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization==>"+beanName+"-->"+bean);
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization==>"+beanName+"-->"+bean);
return bean;
}
}
测试结果: