北邮计算机软工期中考试

1.波普特廉价酒店位于帝都五环外的大学城附近，周边环境优美清幽，适合旅游度假放松心情。该酒店成立于2000年，经过10多年的经营积攒了良好的声誉，为了响应政府绿色环保经营的理念，期望构建空调温控计费系统：推崇多用多付出，少用少付出，不用不付出的计费模式，节省成本的同时使得顾客随时能查看已消费的金额，做到心中有数节省开支的目的，进一步吸引年轻人入住。以下内容为调研报告的主要内容：（The BUPT budget hotel is located near the university town outside the fifth ring road of the Imperial capital. The surrounding environment is beautiful and tranquil, suitable for holidaymaking and relaxing. Founded in 2000, the hotel has accumulated a good reputation after more than 10 years of operation. In response to the government's concept of green operation, we expect to build an air-conditioning temperature control billing system: Praise more pay, less pay, do not have to pay the billing model, cost saving at the same time so that customers can view the amount of consumption at any time, do know the purpose of saving expenses, to further attract young people to stay. The following is the main content of the research report:）

1. 酒店有一个20平米的接待大厅，配备有简易的沙发和茶几，前台一般有2名接待人员，负责处理顾客的入住 和结账离开。酒店是一座4层楼高的公寓式建筑，每层具有10间客房，共有40间客房，其中标准客房30间，大床房10间。（The hotel has a reception hall of 20 square meters, equipped with simple sofas and coffee tables. There are usually two reception staff at the front desk, who are responsible for handling the check-in and check-out of customers. The hotel is a 4-storey apartment-style building with 10 rooms on each floor, with a total of 40 rooms, including 30 standard rooms and 10 king-size rooms.）

2. 顾客入住酒店时需要提供身份证，可以预约登记或者现场申请办理入住。经过前台接待人员的身份核查后，根据顾客入住的天数需缴纳一定的押金，之后前台进行登记安排客房并提供门卡及wifi密码。（Guests need to provide their ID cards when they check in and can make an appointment or apply for check-in on site. After the identity check of the reception staff, the customer needs to pay a certain deposit according to the number of days of stay, and then the reception desk registers and arranges the room and provides the door card and wifi password.）

3. 该酒店由于规模有限不提供餐饮服务，但客房中会提供必备的瓶装矿泉水及热水壶等基本设备。酒店提供集中式空调，客房具有空调的控制面板和出风口。顾客进入房间后通过门卡接通房间电源。（Due to its limited size, the hotel does not provide food and beverage services, but the rooms will provide the necessary basic equipment such as bottled mineral water and hot water bottles. The hotel provides centralized air conditioning, with control panels and air outlets in the rooms. After entering the room, the customer switches on the room power through the key card.）

4. 客房物品及设备的使用说明放置在客房的桌面上方便顾客阅读空调使用的方法及计费规则（引入新系统后需要补充）。顾客需要空调时通过墙面的控制面板的开关启动空调，控制面板会给出当前室温、缺省的目标温度、缺省的风速及当前费用及累计的费用。客房的控制面板除了开关按钮之外，还有调节风速和调节温度的按钮。（Instructions for the use of room items and equipment are placed on the desk of the room for the convenience of customers to read the use of air conditioning and billing rules (need to be supplemented after the introduction of the new system). When the customer needs air conditioning, start the air conditioning through the switch of the control panel on the wall. The control panel will give the current room temperature, default target temperature, default wind speed, current cost and accumulated cost. The control panel in the guest room has buttons to adjust the wind speed and temperature in addition to switching buttons.）

5. 经过实地调研了解到该酒店的空调由中央空调和客房的空调分机组成。中央空调的机房位于地下室，由1-2名空调管理员负责空调的运行和维护。每年4月份和10月份停机检修，5-9月进行制冷模式的运行，11-3月进行制热模式的运行。每次开机前管理员负责设置工作模式，温控范围：制冷（16-24度）、制热（22-28度），缺省的目标温度：24度。（After field investigation, we learned that the air conditioning of the hotel is composed of central air conditioning and the air conditioning extension of the guest room. The central air conditioning room is located in the basement, and 1-2 air conditioning administrators are responsible for the operation and maintenance of the air conditioning. Every year in April and October, shutdown maintenance, refrigeration mode from May to September, heating mode from November to March. The administrator is responsible for setting the working mode before each startup. The temperature range is refrigeration (16-24 degrees) and heating (22-28 degrees). The default target temperature is 24 degrees.）

6. 为了能够实现绿色节能的服务方式，希望新系统具备计费的能力，使得空调管理员在开机时能够设置计费规则及费率（要求费率可由前端进行数据配置）：低速风（0.5元/1C°）、中速风（1元/1C°）、高速风（3元/1C°），参数设置完毕后启动中央空调。（In order to be able to realize green energy-saving way of service, hope the new system have the ability to billing, enables the air conditioning administrator in the boot to set the billing rules and rate (rate can be carried out by the front-end data configuration) : low speed wind (0.5 yuan / 1 ° c), medium speed wind (1 yuan / 1 ° c), high speed wind (3 yuan / 1 ° c), parameter set to start after the completion of the central air conditioning.）

7. 中央空调运行期间维护人员通过顾客的投诉和报修信息进行空调问题的处理，无法及时掌控各房间空调的运行情况。为此，空调管理员希望新系统的引入能通过中控室监控各房间空调的运行状态。中控室应具有10个屏幕实时监测房间的运行参数：是否开机运行/当前室温/目标温度/风速/当前费用/累计费用/是否等待等参数。（During the operation of the central air conditioner, maintenance personnel handle the air conditioner problems based on customer complaints and repair reports. Therefore, they cannot timely control the operation of the air conditioner in each room. Therefore, the air-conditioning administrator hopes that the introduction of the new system can monitor the running state of the air conditioning in each room through the central control room. The central control room should be equipped with 10 screens to monitor the running parameters of the room in real time: whether to start running/current room temperature/target temperature/wind speed/current cost/accumulated cost/whether to wait and other parameters.）

8. 由于空调处理能力的问题（假定，同一时间只能提供10个房间的温控请求），短时间内又不能改装并提升空调的功率且又不方便向顾客直言其中的原因，为此希望新系统具有动态分配空调资源的能力，以便顾客不会感受到其中的不便之处。其中动态分配资源的规则首先以风速的大小决定其调度的优先级，其次当风速相等时以先来先服务的原则兼顾时间片的方式进行分配。（Due to the air conditioning capacity problem (assuming that, at the same time can only provide 10 room temperature control request), in a short period of time and cannot be modified and improving the power of air conditioning and not convenient to the customer what the reason, therefore hope that the new system has the ability of dynamic distribution of air conditioning resources, so that customers will not feel the inconvenience. The rules of dynamic resource allocation firstly determine the priority of resource scheduling according to the size of wind speed, and then allocate resources according to the principle of first come, first serve and time slice when wind speed is equal.）

9. 当顾客离开酒店退房时，前台负责结算房费，当前在没有引入新系统的情况下前台只负责收取房费，房费包含了空调使用费，尽管顾客没有使用空调也会默认收取。某些情况下确实会引起一些顾客的不满和投诉。引入新系统后房费和空调使用费则会单独结算，空调账单列出本次入住酒店使用空调的总费用。如果顾客对费用有异议，则前台也可以根据请求出具空调使用的详单：记录每一次空调提供服务的记录，风速的变化会产生一条新的详单记录，空调使用过程中停止或中断服务时会产生一条详单记录。详单记录的总费用应该等于账单的费用。（When the customer leaves the hotel to check out, the front desk is responsible for settling the room fee. Currently, without the introduction of the new system, the front desk is only responsible for collecting the room fee, which includes the use of air conditioning, although the customer does not use air conditioning will be charged by default. In some cases it does cause some customer dissatisfaction and complaints. After the introduction of the new system, the room fee and air conditioning usage fee will be settled separately. The air conditioning bill lists the total cost of using air conditioning in the hotel. If the customer has any objection to the cost, the front desk can also issue a detailed record of the use of air conditioning according to the request: record the service provided by air conditioning every time, the change of wind speed will generate a new detailed record, and when the service is stopped or interrupted during the use of air conditioning, a detailed record will be generated. The total cost recorded in the bill should equal the cost of the bill.）

10. 酒店运行期间的管理及问题处理由一名酒店经理负责。其中空调的运行及收费情况是酒店经理所重点关注的内容，其中空调运行日报、周报能够全面反应其关心的内容：房间号、开关次数、调度次数、详单条数、调温次数、调风次数、请求时长、总费用；并希望以折线图或饼图的方式进行展示。（A hotel manager is responsible for the management and problem solving during the operation of the hotel. Among them, the operation and charge of air conditioning is the key content of the hotel manager. The daily and weekly report of air conditioning operation can fully reflect the contents of its concern: room number, switching times, scheduling times, detailed list number, temperature adjustment times, air adjustment times, request duration, total cost; And they want to show it in a line chart or pie chart.）

（1）客户希望系统开发过程中能够每个月都能有新的功能实现和部署运行，请给出一个能满足客户要求的生命周期模型，并解释相较于瀑布模型的优缺点。

(2)、(7.0分) 请描述需求分析的目标中当前系统和目标系统的区别？上述调研报告属于哪个系统的哪个模型？

(3)、(7.0分) 请根据上述调研报告的内容给出业务背景中有关空调服务相关的概念类。

(4)、(8.0分) 请描述顾客离开酒店进行结账的业务流程。

(5)、(10.0分) 请使用UML的类图描述系统的领域模型。

(6)、(4.0分) 请根据上述调研报告确定使用该系统的角色。

(7)、(15.0分) 给出顾客使用空调的各种情况的场景描述以及对应的系统顺序图。

(8)、(15.0分) 给出该系统用例模型的用例图。

(9)、(10.0分) 给出顾客使用空调时产生详单记录的各种条件。

(10)、(10.0分) 结合结账的业务流程，说明出具空调详单这个消息对应的操作契约。