测试驱动开发（Django）12

第12章 输入验证和测试的组织方式

12.1 针对验证的功能测试：避免提交空待办事项

functional_tests/tests.py

    def test_can_not_add_empty_list_items(self):
        # 乔伊访问首页，不小心提交一个空待办事项
        # 输入框中没输入内容，她就按下了回车
        
        #首页刷新了，显示了一个错误信息
        #提示待办事项不能为空
        
        #她输入了一些文字，然后再次提交，这次没有问题了
        
        #她有点儿调皮，又提交了一个空待办事项
        
        #在清单页她看到了一个类似的错误消息
        
        #输入文字之后就没问题了
        self.fail('wirte me!')

12.1.1 跳过测试

from unittest import skip

[...]
@skip    
def can_not_add_empty_list_items(self):

python manage.py test functional_tests

ps:跳过测试很危,在提交前要删除掉@skip

12.1.2 分拆功能测试

把每个测试方法改为单独的类

functional_tests/tests.py-->base.py

from django.contrib.staticfiles.testing import StaticLiveServerTestCase  # 增加
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
import os


MAX_WAIT = 10


class FunctionalTest(StaticLiveServerTestCase):
    def setUp(self):  # 测试执行前
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        staging_server = os.environ.get('STAGING_SERVER')
        if staging_server:
            self.live_server_url = 'http://' + staging_server

    def tearDown(self):  # 测试方法执行后
        self.browser.quit()

    def wait_for_row_in_list_table(self, row_text):
        start_time = time.time()
        while True:
            try:
                table = self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_list_table')
                rows = table.find_elements_by_tag_name('tr')
                self.assertIn(row_text, [row.text for row in rows])
                return
            except (AssertionError, WebDriverException) as e:
                if time.time() - start_time > MAX_WAIT:
                    raise e
                time.sleep(0.5)

functional_tests/test_simple_list_creation.py

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from .base import FunctionalTest


class NewVisitorTest(FunctionalTest):
    def test_can_start_a_list_for_one_user(self):  # 测试方法
        [...]


    def test_multiple_users_can_start_lists_at_different_urls(self):
        [...]

functional_tests/test_list_item_validation.py 

from .base import FunctionalTest

class ItemValidationTest(FunctionalTest):
    [...]

functional_tests/test_layout_and_stying.py

from .base import FunctionalTest
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys


class LayoutAndStylingTest(FunctionalTest):

    def test_layout_and_styling(self):
       [...]

12.1.3 运行单个测试

 python manage.py test functional_tests.test_simple_list_creation

python manage.py test functional_tests.test_layout_and_stying

python manage.py test functional_tests.test_list_item_validation

git commit -am 'Moved Fts into their own individual files'

12.2 功能测试新工具：通用显式等待辅助方式

functional_tests/base.py

    def wait_for(self, fn):
        start_time = time.time()
        while True:
            try:
                return fn()
            except (AssertionError, WebDriverException) as e:
                if time.time() - start_time > MAX_WAIT:
                    raise e
                time.sleep(0.5)

functional_tests/test_list_item_validation.py 

from .base import FunctionalTest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

MAX_WAIT = 10


class ItemValidationTest(FunctionalTest):

    def test_can_not_add_empty_list_items(self):
        # 乔伊访问首页，不小心提交一个空待办事项
        # 输入框中没输入内容，她就按下了回车
        self.browser.get(self.live_server_url)
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

        # 首页刷新了，显示了一个错误信息
        # 提示待办事项不能为空
        self.wait_for(lambda: self.assertEqual(
            self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.has-error').text,
            "You can't have an empty list item"
        ))

        # 她输入了一些文字，然后再次提交，这次没有问题了
        self.fail('Finish this test!')

        # 她有点儿调皮，又提交了一个空待办事项

        # 在清单页她看到了一个类似的错误消息

        # 输入文字之后就没问题了

selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: Unable to locate element: .has-error

12.3 补完功能测试

functional_tests/test_list_item_validation.py 

    def test_can_not_add_empty_list_items(self):
        # 乔伊访问首页，不小心提交一个空待办事项
        # 输入框中没输入内容，她就按下了回车
        self.browser.get(self.live_server_url)
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

        # 首页刷新了，显示了一个错误信息
        # 提示待办事项不能为空
        self.wait_for(lambda: self.assertEqual(
            self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.has-error').text,
            "You can't have an empty list item"
        ))

        # 她输入了一些文字，然后再次提交，这次没有问题了
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item').send_keys('Buy milk')
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        self.wait_for_row_in_list_table('1: Buy milk')


        # 她有点儿调皮，又提交了一个空待办事项
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

        # 在清单页她看到了一个类似的错误消息
        self.wait_for(lambda: self.assertEqual(
            self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.has-error').text,
            "You can't have an empty list item"
        ))

        # 输入文字之后就没问题了
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item').send_keys('Make tea')
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        self.wait_for_row_in_list_table('1: Buy milk')
        self.wait_for_row_in_list_table('1: Make tea')

12.4 重构单元测试。分拆成多个文件

lists/tests/test_models.py

from django.test import TestCase
from lists.models import Item, List



class ListAndItemModelTest(TestCase):

lists/tests/test_views.py

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : Marvin King
# Date     : 2019-02-22 
from django.test import TestCase
from lists.models import Item, List
    [...]

class HomePageTest(TestCase):
    [...]


class ListViewTest(TestCase):
    [...]

class NewListTest(TestCase):
    [...]

python manage.py test lists

Ran 9 tests in 0.037s

OK

 git commit -m 'Split out unit tests into ewo files'