数据库的练习题（三）

数据准备
创建表

create  table emp(
id  int comment '编号',
workno varchar(10) comment '工号',
name varchar(10) comment '姓名',
gender char(1) comment '性别',
age tinyint unsigned comment '年龄',
idcard char(18) comment '身份证号',
workaddress varchar(50) comment '工作地址',
entrydate date comment '入职时间'
)comment '员工表';

插入数据

insert into emp(id,workno,name,gender,age,idcard,workaddress,entrydate)
values 
(1,'1','柳岩','女',20,'123456789012345678','北京','2000-01-01'),
(2,'2','张无忌','男',18,'123456789012345670','北京','2005-09-01'),
(3,'3','韦一笑','男',38,'123456789012345671','上海','2005-08-01'),
(4,'4','赵敏','女',18,'123456789012345672','北京','2009-12-01'),
(5,'5','小昭','女',16,'123456789012345673','上海','2007-07-01'),
(6,'6','杨道','男',28,'12345678901234567x','北京','2006-01-01'),
(7,'7','范瑶','男',40,'123456789012345570','北京','2005-05-01'),
(8,'8','黛依丝','女',38,'123456789012345672','天津','2015-05-01'),
(9,'9','范凉凉','女',45,'128456789012345672','北京','2010-04-01'),
(10,'10','陈友谅','男',53,'123456789012845672','上海','2011-01-01'),
(11,'11','张士诚','男',55,'153456789012345672','江苏','2015-05-01'),
(12,'12','常遇春','男',32,'123456789012845672','北京','2004-02-01'),
(13,'13','张三丰','男',88,'123486789012345672','江苏','2020-11-01'),
(14,'14','灭绝','女',65,'123456789012375672','西安','2019-05-01'),
(15,'15','胡春牛','男',70,'12345678901234567x','西安','2018-04-01'),
(16,'16','周芷若','女',18,null,'北京','2012-06-01');

基本查询

1、查询指定字段name,workno,age 返回

select name,workno,age from emp;

2、查询所有字段返回

select id,workno,name,gender,age,idcard,workaddress,entrtdate from emp;
//或者
select * from emp;

3、查询所有员工的工作地址，起别名

select workaddress as'工作地址' from emp;
select workaddress '工作地址' from emp;
//as可以省略，两者效果一样

4、查询公司员工的上班地址（不要重复）

select distinct workaddress '工作地址' from emp;

条件查询

1、查询年龄等于88的员工

select  * from emp where age = 88;

2、查询年龄小于20的员工信息

select * from emp where age<20;

3、查询年龄小于等于20的员工信息

select * from emp where age<=20;

4、查询没有身份证号的员工信息

select * from emp where idcard is null;

5、查询有身份证号的员工信息

select * from emp where idcard is not null;

6、查询年龄不等于88的员工信息

select  * from emp where !age = 88;
//或者
select  * from emp where age <> 88;

7、查询年龄在15岁（包含）到20岁（包含）之间的员工信息

select * from emp where age>=15 && age<=20;
//或者
select * from emp where age>=15 and age<=20;
//或者
select * from emp where age between 15  and 20;

8、查询性别为 女 且年龄小于25岁的员工信息

select * from emp where gender='女' and age <25;

9、查询年龄等于18 或 20 或 40 的员工信息

select * from emp where age =18 or age =20 or age =40;
//或者
select * from emp  where age in(18,20,40);

10、查询姓名为两个字的员工信息

select * from emp where name like '__';//两个下划线

11、查询身份证号最后一位是x的员工信息

select * from emp where idcard like '%x';
//或者
select * from emp where idcard like '_________________x';//17个下划线

聚合函数查询

1、统计该企业员工数量

select count(*) from emp;
select count(idcard) from emp;//值显示15条

2、统计该企业员工的平均年龄

select avg(age) from emp;

3、统计该企业员工的最大年龄

select max(age) from emp;

4、统计该企业员工的最小年龄

select min(age) from emp;

5、统计西安地区员工的年龄之和

select sum(age) from emp where workaddress = '西安';

分组查询

1、根据性别分组，统计男性员工和女性员工的数量

select  gender,count(*) from emp group by gender;

2、根据性别分组，统计男性员工和女性员工的平均年龄

select  gender,avg(age) from emp group by gender;

3、查询年龄小于45的员工，并根据工作地址分组，获取员工数量大于等于3的工作地址

select workaddress,count(*) from emp where age < 45 group by workaddress having count(*) >= 3;
//或者
select workaddress,count(*) address_count from emp where age<45 group by workaddress having address_count >=3;

排序查询

1、根据年龄对公司的员工进行升序排序

select * from  emp order by age asc;
//或者
select * from emp order by age;

2、根据入职时间，对员工进行降序排序

select * from emp order by entrydate desc;

3、根据年龄对公司的员工进行升序排序，年龄相同，再按照入职时间进行降序排序

select * from emp order by age ,entrydate desc;

分页查询

1、查询第1页员工数据，每页展示10条记录

select * from emp limit 10;

2、查询第2页员工数据，每页展示10条记录

select * from emp limit 10,10;

练习案例

1、查询年龄为20,21,22,23岁的员工信息

select * from emp where gender ='女' and age in (20,21,22,23);

2、查询性别为男，并且年龄在20-40岁（含）以内的姓名为三个字的员工

select * from emp where gender ='男' and (age between 20 and 40) and name like '___';

3、统计员工表中，年龄小于60岁的，男性员工和女性员工的人数

select gender,count(*) from emp  where age<60 group by gender;

4、查询所有年龄小于等于35岁员工的姓名和年龄，并对查询结果按年龄升序排序，如果年龄相同按入职时间降序排序

select name,age from emp where age<=35 order by age ,entrydate desc;

5、查询性别为男，且年龄在20-40岁（含）以内的前5个员工信息，对查询的结果按年龄升序，年龄相同按入职时间升序排序。

select * from  emp where gender='男' and (age between 20 and 40) order by age,entrydate limit 5 ;