js是门灵活的语言,实现一种功能往往有多种做法,ECMAScript没有明确的继承机制,而是通过模仿实现的,根据js语言的本身的特性,js实现继承有以下通用的几种方式
1.使用对象冒充实现继承(该种实现方式可以实现多继承)
实现原理:让父类的构造函数成为子类的方法,然后调用该子类的方法,通过this关键字给所有的属性和方法赋值
- function Parent(firstname)
- {
- this.fname=firstname;
- this.age=40;
- this.sayAge=function()
- {
- console.log(this.age);
- }
- }
- function Child(firstname)
- {
- this.parent=Parent;
- this.parent(firstname);
- delete this.parent;
- this.saySomeThing=function()
- {
- console.log(this.fname);
- this.sayAge();
- }
- }
- var mychild=new Child("李");
- mychild.saySomeThing();
2.采用call方法改变函数上下文实现继承(该种方式不能继承原型链,若想继承原型链,则采用5混合模式)
实现原理:改变函数内部的函数上下文this,使它指向传入函数的具体对象
- function Parent(firstname)
- {
- this.fname=firstname;
- this.age=40;
- this.sayAge=function()
- {
- console.log(this.age);
- }
- }
- function Child(firstname)
- {
- this.saySomeThing=function()
- {
- console.log(this.fname);
- this.sayAge();
- }
- this.getName=function()
- {
- return firstname;
- }
- }
- var child=new Child("张");
- Parent.call(child,child.getName());
- child.saySomeThing();
3.采用Apply方法改变函数上下文实现继承(该种方式不能继承原型链,若想继承原型链,则采用5混合模式)
实现原理:改变函数内部的函数上下文this,使它指向传入函数的具体对象
- function Parent(firstname)
- {
- this.fname=firstname;
- this.age=40;
- this.sayAge=function()
- {
- console.log(this.age);
- }
- }
- function Child(firstname)
- {
- this.saySomeThing=function()
- {
- console.log(this.fname);
- this.sayAge();
- }
- this.getName=function()
- {
- return firstname;
- }
- }
- var child=new Child("张");
- Parent.apply(child,[child.getName()]);
- child.saySomeThing();
4.采用原型链的方式实现继承
实现原理:使子类原型对象指向父类的实例以实现继承,即重写类的原型,弊端是不能直接实现多继承
- function Parent()
- {
- this.sayAge=function()
- {
- console.log(this.age);
- }
- }
- function Child(firstname)
- {
- this.fname=firstname;
- this.age=40;
- this.saySomeThing=function()
- {
- console.log(this.fname);
- this.sayAge();
- }
- }
- Child.prototype=new Parent();
- var child=new Child("张");
- child.saySomeThing();
5.采用混合模式实现继承
- function Parent()
- {
- this.sayAge=function()
- {
- console.log(this.age);
- }
- }
- Parent.prototype.sayParent=function()
- {
- alert("this is parentmethod!!!");
- }
- function Child(firstname)
- {
- Parent.call(this);
- this.fname=firstname;
- this.age=40;
- this.saySomeThing=function()
- {
- console.log(this.fname);
- this.sayAge();
- }
- }
- Child.prototype=new Parent();
- var child=new Child("张");
- child.saySomeThing();
- child.sayParent();