js实现继承的几种方式

1.原型链继承

        function Father(name) {
            this.name = name || 'father';
        }
        Father.prototype.printName = function () {
            console.log(this.name);
        };
        function Son() {}
        Son.prototype = new Father();
        //让如果要为子类新增原型属性和方法，则必须放在new Father()这样的语句之后执行
        Son.prototype.constructor = Son;
        let s = new Son();

2.构造继承

        function Father(name) {
            this.name = name || 'father';
        }
        Father.prototype.printName = function () {
            console.log(this.name);
        };
        function Son(name) {
            Father.call(this, name);
        }
        let s = new Son('son');
        console.log(s.name); //son
        s.printName(); //报错;因为只能继承父类的实例属性和方法，不能继承原型属性/方法

3.组合继承

        function Father(name) {
            this.name = name || 'father';
        }
        Father.prototype.printName = function () {
            console.log(this.name);
        };
        function Son(name) {
            Father.call(this, name);
        }
        //在call()方法和Son.prototype = new Father();两次都调用了父级的构造函数，造成了不必要的性能浪费。
        Son.prototype = new Father();
        Son.prototype.constructor = Son;
        let s = new Son('son');
        console.log(s.name); 
        s.printName(); 

4.es6继承

        class Father {
            constructor(name) {
                this.name = name;
            }
            printName() {
                console.log(this.name);
            }
        }
        class Son extends Father {
            constructor(name) {
                super(name);
            }
            sayHello() {
                console.log('hello');
            }
        }
        let s = new Son('son');
        console.log(s.name);
        s.printName();
        s.sayHello();