dart及flutter学习中的示例代码（1）

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 22:54:34 发布

Meartion

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 22:54:34 发布

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文章标签： flutter 学习笔记

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Meartion/article/details/139969054

版权

dart

1.hello，world

//Hello,world
void main() {
  print('Hello, World!');
}

2.类型

2.1变量及常量

void main() {
  const PI = 3.14; //常量不可改变
  final a = new DateTime.now(); //常量，输出当前时间
  var hello = ('helllo,world'); //var类型变量
  int mynum = 1234; //int类型变量
  double Mynum = 3.333; //double类型变量
  var b = mynum + Mynum; //运算符
  String str = '你好'; //String类型变量
  bool flag = true; //bool类型变量

  print(PI);
  print(a);
  print(hello);
  print(mynum);
  print(Mynum);
  print(b);
  print(str);
  print(flag);
}

2.2类型判断

void main() {
  var str = 1234;
  if (str is String) {
    print('是String类型');
  } else {
    print('是其他类型');
  }
}

2.3类型转换（只写一个示例代码）

void main() {
  String str1 = '123';
  var mynum1 = int.parse(str1);
  print(mynum1 is int);
  var mynum2 = 12;
  var str2 = mynum2.toString();
  print(str2 is String);
}

3.字符串

3.1输出多行字符串

void main() {
  String str1 = '''hello,world
  hello,world
'''; //输出多行字符串
  print(str1);
}

3.2字符串拼接

void main() {
  String str1 = 'hello';
  String str2 = 'world';
  print("$str1 $str2"); //字符串拼接
  print(str1 + str2);
  print(str1 + " " + str2);
}

5.list

5.1定义list

void main() {
  var l1 = ['张三', 20, true]; //定义List的第一种方法
  print(l1);
  print(l1.length);
  print(l1[0]);
  var l2 = <String>['张三', '李四']; //定义List的第二种方法 指定类型
  print(l2);
  var l3 = []; //定义List的第三种方法 增加数据
  l3.add("张三");
  l3.add(20);
  print(l3);
  var l4 = List.filled(2, ''); //定义List的第三种方法 固定集合和改变集合内容
  print(l4);
  l4[0] = '张三';
  l4[1] = '李四';
  print(l4);
}

5.2.list常用属性

void main() {
  List l4 = <String>['香蕉', '苹果', '西瓜'];
  print(l4);
  print(l4.length);
  print(l4.isEmpty);
  print(l4.isNotEmpty);
  print(l4.reversed);
  var l5 = l4.reversed.toList();
  print(l5);
}

5.3.list常用方法

void main() {
  List l6 = ['香蕉', '苹果', '西瓜'];
  print(l6);
  l6.add('桃子');
  l6.addAll(['草莓', '葡萄']);
  print(l6);
  print(l6.indexOf('香蕉'));
  l6.remove('草莓');
  l6.removeAt(2);
  print(l6);
  l6.fillRange(1, 2, 'aaa');
  print(l6);
  l6.insert(0, '栗子');
  print(l6);
  l6.insertAll(3, ['芒果', '橘子']);
  print(l6);
  var str1 = l6.join(',');
  print(str1);
  var str2 = "栗子,香蕉,芒果,橘子,桃子,葡萄";
  var l7 = str2.split(',');
  print(l7);
}

6.map

6.1.定义map

void main() {
  var person1 = {'name': '张三', 'age': 20}; //定义Maps的第一种方法
  print(person1);
  print(person1['age']);
  var person2 = new Map(); //定义Maps的第二种方法
  person2['name'] = '李四';
  person2['age'] = 22;
  print(person2);
}

6.2map常用属性和方法

void main() {
  var person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 20};
  print(person);
  print(person.keys);
  print(person.keys.toList());
  print(person.values.toList());
  print(person.isEmpty);
  print(person.isNotEmpty);
  person.addAll({"height": 165, "work": "公务员"});
  print(person);
  print(person.containsValue("Alice"));
}

7.计算

7.1算数运算符

void main() {
  int a = 15;
  int b = 7;
  print(a + b); //计算ab数值
  print(a - b);
  print(a * b);
  print(a / b);
  print(a % b);
  print(a ~/ b);
  print(a == b); //判断ab关系
  print(a != b);
  print(a > b);
  print(a < b);
  print(a >= b);
  print(a <= b);
}

7.2逻辑运算符

void main() {
  bool flag1 = true; //逻辑运算符
  bool flag2 = false;
  print(!flag1);
  print(flag1 && flag2);
  print(flag1 || flag2);
}

8.条件表达式

8.1.if else

void main() {
  var score = 87;
  if (score > 90) {
    print('A');
  } else if (score > 80) {
    print('B');
  } else if (score > 70) {
    print('C');
  } else if (score > 60) {
    print('D');
  } else {
    print('E');
  }
}

8.2.switch case

void main() {
  var sex = '女';
  switch (sex) {
    case '男':
      print('男');
      break;
    case '女':
      print('女');
      break;
    default:
      print('error');
  }
}

8.3三目运算符

void main() {
  bool flag = true; //三目运算符
  String c = flag ? 'true' : 'false';
  print(c);
}

8.4.？？运算符

void main() {
  var a;//??运算符
  var b = a ?? 10;
  print(b);
}

9.循环语句

9.1for

void main() {
  for (int i = 0; i <= 50; i++) {
    if (i % 2 == 0) {
      print(i);
    }
  }
}

9.2while

void main() {
  int i = 1;
  while (i <= 10) {
    print(i);
    i++;
  }
}

9.4.do while

void main() {
  int i = 1;
  while (i <= 10) {
    print(i);
    i++;
  }
}

10.函数

10.1函数的命名

void printInfo() {
  print('自定义');
}

void main() {
  printInfo();
}

void main() {
  int getNum() {
    var mynum = 123;
    return mynum;
  }

  var n = getNum();
  print(n);
}

10.2调用方法传参

main() {
  int sumNum(n) {
    var sum = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
      sum += i;
    }
    return sum;
  }

  var n1 = sumNum(60);
  print(n1);
  var n2 = sumNum(100);
  print(n2);
}

10.3匿名方法

void main() {
  var printNum = () {
    print(123);
  };
  printNum();
}

10.4自执行方法

void main() {
  (() {
    print('我是自执行方法');
  })();
}

10.5递归方法

void main() {
  var sum = 1;
  fn(int a) {
    sum *= a;
    if (a == 1) {
      return;
    }
    fn(a - 1);
  }

  fn(5);
  print(sum);
}

11.闭包

void main() {
  fn() {
    var a = 123;
    return () {
      a++;
      print(a);
    };
  }

  var b = fn();
  b();
  b();
  b();
}

12.类

12.1自定义类

class Persion {
  String name = 'Allce';
  int age = 23;

  void getInfo() {
    print("$name------$age");
    print("${this.name}------${this.age}");
  }

  void setInfo(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
}

12.2实例化

void main() {
  var p1 = new Persion();
  print(p1.name);
  p1.getInfo();
  Persion p2 = new Persion();
  p2.getInfo();
  Persion p3 = new Persion();
  p3.setInfo(18);
  p3.getInfo();
}

12.3默认构造函数

class Persion {
  String name = 'Allce';
  int age = 23;
  Persion() {
    print('构造函数');
  }
  void printInfo() {
    print("${this.name}------${this.age}");
  }
}

void main() {
  Persion p4 = new Persion();
  p4.printInfo();
}

12.4类抽离成文件

lei文件

class Person {
  String name;
  int age;
  Person(this.name, this.age);
  void printInfo() {
    print("${this.name}------${this.age}");
  }
}

class Animal {
  String _name = 'Allce';
  int age = 10;
  Animal(this._name, this.age);
  void printInfo() {
    print('${this._name}-----${this.age}');
  }

  String getName() {
    return this._name;
  }
}

运行文件

import 'lib/lei.dart';

void main() {
  Person p5 = new Person('Allce', 20);
  p5.printInfo();
  Person p6 = new Person('July', 28);
  p6.printInfo();
}

12.5getter和setter

class Rect {
  num height = 0;
  num weight = 0;
  Rect(this.height, this.weight);
  get area {
    return this.height * this.weight;
  }

  set areaHeight(value) {
    this.height = value;
  }
}

void main() {
  Rect r = new Rect(10, 4);
  print('面积:${r.area}');
  r.areaHeight = 2;
  r.area;
  print('面积:${r.area}');
}

12.6类的继承

12.6.1继承父类

class Person {
  String name = 'Allce';
  int age = 20;
  void printInfo() {
    print("${this.name}------${this.age}");
  }
}

class Web extends Person {}

main() {
  Web w = new Web();
  print(w.name);
  w.printInfo();
}

12.6.2.扩展父类 super的使用

class Person {
  String name;
  int age;
  Person(this.name, this.age);
  Person.xxx(this.name, this.age);
  void printInfo() {
    print("${this.name}------${this.age}");
  }
}

class Web extends Person {
  String sex = 'man'; //不可为空？
  Web(String name, int age, var sex) : super.xxx(name, age) {
    //和视频不一样 super是把子类的参数赋值给父类
    this.sex = sex;
  }
  run() {
    print("${this.name}---${this.age}-----${this.sex}");
  }
}

main() {
  Web w = new Web('Allce', 20, 'woman');
  w.printInfo();
  w.run();
}

12.6.3覆写父类

class Person {
  String name;
  int age;
  Person(this.name, this.age);
  void printInfo() {
    print("${this.name}------${this.age}");
  }

  work() {
    print("${this.name}在工作。");
  }
}

class Web extends Person {
  Web(
    String name,
    int age,
  ) : super(name, age);
  run() {
    print('run');
    super.work(); //
  }

  @override //覆写父类
  void printInfo() {
    print("姓名：${this.name}------年龄：${this.age}");
  }
}

main() {
  Web w = new Web('Allce', 20);
  w.printInfo();
  w.run();
}

13.静态方法和静态属性

class Person {
  static String name = 'Allce';
  int age = 20;
  static void show() {
    print(name);
  }

  void printInfo() {
    print(name); //访问静态属性
    print(this.age); //访问非静态属性
    show(); //调用静态方法
  }

  static void printUserInfo() {
    print(name);
    show();
  }
}

main() {
  print(Person.name);
  Person.show();
  Person p = new Person();
  p.printInfo();
  Person.printUserInfo();
}

14.对象操作符

class Person {
  String name;
  int age;
  Person(this.name, this.age);
  void printInfo() {
    print("${this.name}------${this.age}");
  }
}

main() {
  Person p = new Person('Seven', 18);
  var p1;
  p1 = new Person('Anny', 20);
  (p1 as Person).printInfo();
  Person p2 = new Person('Loki', 18);
  p2.printInfo();
  p2
    ..name = 'tore'
    ..age = 20
    ..printInfo();
}

15.抽象方法

15.1抽象类方法

abstract class Animal {
  eat();
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  @override
  eat() {
    print('小狗在吃肉骨头');
  }
}

main() {
  Dog d = new Dog();
  d.eat();
}

15.2多态

abstract class Animal {
  eat();
  run();
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  @override
  eat() {
    print('小狗在吃肉骨头');
  }

  @override
  run() {
    print('小狗在跑');
  }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
  @override
  eat() {
    print('小猫在吃鱼');
  }

  @override
  run() {
    print('小猫在跑');
  }
}

main() {
  Dog d = new Dog();
  d.eat();
  d.run();
  Cat c = new Cat();
  c.eat();
  c.run();
  Animal d_ = new Dog();
  d_.eat();
}

16.接口

16.1.接口

abstract class DB {
  String uri = 'seven';
  add(data);
  save();
  delete();
}

class Mysql implements DB {
  @override
  String uri;
  Mysql(this.uri);
  @override
  add(data) {
    // TODO: implement add
    print('Mysql方法' + data);
  }

  @override
  delete() {
    // TODO: implement delete
    return null;
  }

  @override
  save() {
    // TODO: implement save
    throw UnimplementedError();
  }
}

class MsSql implements DB {
  @override
  add(data) {
    // TODO: implement add
    throw UnimplementedError();
  }

  @override
  delete() {
    // TODO: implement delete
    throw UnimplementedError();
  }

  @override
  save() {
    // TODO: implement save
    throw UnimplementedError();
  }

  @override
  late String uri;
}

main() {
  Mysql mysql = new Mysql('XXXX');
  mysql.add('123');
}

16.2mixins

class Person {
  late String name;
  late int age;
  Person(this.name, this.age);
  printInfo() {
    print('${this.name}-----${this.age}');
  }

  void run() {
    print('person run');
  }
}

mixin A {
  //和视频不一样不能用class
  String info = 'this is A';
  void printA() {
    print('A');
  }

  void run() {
    print('a run');
  }
}

mixin B {
  void printB() {
    print('B');
  }

  void run() {
    print('b run');
  }
}

class C extends Person with A, B {
  C(String name, int age) : super(name, age);
}

void main() {
  var c = new C('allce', 18);
  c.printA();
  c.printB();
  print(c.info);
  c.printInfo();
  c.run();
  print(c is A);
  print(c is B);
}

16.3泛型

T getData<T>(T value) {
  return value;
}

void main() {
  print(getData<int>(12));
  print(getData('hello'));
}

16.4泛型类

class MyList<T> {
  List list = <T>[];
  void add(T value) {
    this.list.add(value);
  }

  List getList() {
    return list;
  }
}

main() {
  MyList l1 = new MyList();
  l1.add('elsa');
  l1.add(12);
  l1.add(true);
  print(l1.getList());
}

16.5泛型接口

abstract class CaChe<T> {
  getByKey(String key);
  void setByKey(String key, T value);
}

class FileCaChe<T> implements CaChe<T> {
  @override
  getByKey(String key) {
    // TODO: implement getByKey
    throw UnimplementedError();
  }

  @override
  void setByKey(String key, T value) {
    print('key=${key} valur=${value}');
  }
}

class MemoryCaChe<T> implements CaChe<T> {
  @override
  getByKey(String key) {
    // TODO: implement getByKey
    throw UnimplementedError();
  }

  @override
  void setByKey(String key, T value) {
    print('key=${key} valur=${value}');
  }
}

void main() {
  MemoryCaChe m = new MemoryCaChe();
  m.setByKey('name', 'elsa');
}

17.库

import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:convert';

void main() async {
  var result = await getDataFromZhihuAPI();
  print(result);
}

getDataFromZhihuAPI() async {
  var httpClient = new HttpClient();
  var uri = new Uri.http('new-at.zhihu.com', '/api/3/stories/latest');
  var request = await httpClient.getUrl(uri);
  var reponse = await request.close();
  return await reponse.transform(utf8.decoder).join();
}