STL的for_each和transform

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<list>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<functional>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

void printV(vector<int>& v)
{
	for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
		cout << *it << " ";
}

void printL(list<int>&l)
{
	for (list<int>::iterator it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); it++)
		cout << *it << " ";
}


void showElemt(int &t)
{
	cout << t << " ";
}


class myShow
{
public:
	myShow()
	{
		m_num = 0;
	}
	void operator()(int&t)
	{
		m_num++;
		cout << t << " ";
	}
	void printNum()
	{
		cout << m_num << endl;
	}
private:
	int m_num;
};


void main41_for_each()
{
	vector<int>v1;
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(2);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(4);

	//使用函数输出v1
	printV(v1);
	cout << endl;

	//for_each使用回调函数输出v1
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), showElemt);
	cout << endl;

	//for_each使用自定义函数对象输出v1
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myShow());
	cout << endl;

	/*
		template<class _InIt,
		class _Fn1> inline
		_Fn1 for_each(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Fn1 _Func)
		{	// perform function for each element
		_DEBUG_RANGE(_First, _Last);
		_DEBUG_POINTER(_Func);
		_For_each(_Unchecked(_First), _Unchecked(_Last), _Func);

		return (_STD move(_Func));
		}
	*/

	//查看调用次数，发现for_each形参传递的是值

	myShow my1;
	myShow my2 = for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), my1);
	cout << endl;

	my1.printNum();
	my2.printNum();

}

int increase(int &t)
{
	return t + 100;
}

int Sum(int &t1, int& t2)
{
	return t1 + t2;
}
void main42_transform()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(5);
	printV(v1);
	cout << endl;

	//transform使用回调函数
	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v1.begin(),increase);
	printV(v1);
	cout << endl;

	//transform使用预定义的函数对象
	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v1.begin(), negate<int>());
	printV(v1);
	cout << endl;

	//transform使用函数适配器和函数对象
	list<int>l(3);

	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), l.begin(), bind2nd(multiplies<int>(), 10));
	printL(l);
	cout << endl;

	//transform也可以把运算结果直接输出到屏幕
	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "), negate<int>());
	cout << endl;

	//transform 使用回调函数将v1 v2相加放入v3
	vector<int> v2;
	v2.push_back(2);
	v2.push_back(4);
	v2.push_back(6);

	vector<int>	v3(3);
	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v3.begin(), Sum);
	printV(v3);
}


int showElemt2(int &t)
{
	cout << t << " ";
	return t;
}

void main43_transform_pk_for_each()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(5);

	vector<int>v2;
	v2.push_back(2);
	v2.push_back(4);
	v2.push_back(6);
	
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), showElemt);
	cout << endl;

	//transform 对函数调用的要求
	/*
		 c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\algorithm(1026): 
		 参见对正在编译的函数 模板 实例化“
		 _OutIt std::_Transform1<int*,_OutIt,void(__cdecl *)(int &)>(_InIt,_InIt,_OutIt,_Fn1,std::true_type)
		 ”的引用
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _OutIt=std::_Vector_iterator<std::_Vector_val<std::_Simple_types<int>>>
1>  ,            _InIt=int *
1>  ,            _Fn1=void (__cdecl *)(int &)
1>          ]
	*/

	/*
	template<class _InIt,
	class _OutIt,
	class _Fn1> inline
	_OutIt _Transform(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last,
	_OutIt _Dest, _Fn1 _Func)
	{	// transform [_First, _Last) with _Func
	for (; _First != _Last; ++_First, ++_Dest)
	*_Dest = _Func(*_First);  //解释了 transform为什么 要有返回值
	return (_Dest);
	}
	*/
	transform(v2.begin(), v2.end(), v2.begin(), showElemt2);
	cout << endl;
}
//结论：
//1.一般情况下，for_each所使用的函数对象，参数是引用，没有返回值；所以for_each速度快、不灵活
//2.transform所使用的函数对象，参数一般不使用引用，而且还有返回值；transform速度慢，非常灵活