Day069 Django(五)

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-07 11:12:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-03-07 11:12:59 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Melody_92/article/details/102858835

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18_多表练习

需求

学生注册
查看所有班级信息
显示某班学生情况

实现步骤

创建模型类（班级，学生，课程）
配置URL
创建视图函数
创建模板页面

setting.py

        INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'stuapp',
]
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'django20190909',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

demo6/urls.py

        from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('student/', include('stuapp.urls')),
]

stuapp/urls.py

        from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.register),
    path('showall/', views.showall),
    path('getstu/', views.getstu),
]

stuapp/models.py

        from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Clazz(models.Model):      # 班级模型
    cno = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    cname = models.CharField(max_length=30, unique=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.cname


class Course(models.Model):     # 课程模型
    courseid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    coursename = models.CharField(max_length=30)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.coursename


class Student(models.Model):    # 学生模型
    sno = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    sname = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    cls = models.ForeignKey(Clazz, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="student")
    course = models.ManyToManyField(Course)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.sname


# 将数据保存到数据库中的方法
def registerOper(sname, cname, *coursename):
    try:
        # 1.班级表插入操作
        try:
            cls = Clazz.objects.get(cname=cname)
        except Clazz.DoesNotExist:
            cls = Clazz.objects.create(cname=cname)

        # 2.课程表插入操作
        courseList = []
        for cn in coursename:
            couseObj = Course.objects.create(coursename=cn)
            courseList.append(couseObj)

        # 3.学生表插入操作
        stu = Student.objects.create(sname=sname, cls=cls)

        # 4.中间表插入操作
        stu.course.add(*courseList)

        return True

    except Exception:
        return False

stuapp/views.py

        from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from stuapp.models import registerOper, Clazz, Student


def register(request):
    """
    1.注册页面的展示
    2.处理注册功能
    """

    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "register.html")
    elif request.method == "POST":
        # 1.获取请求参数
        sname = request.POST.get('sname')
        clazz = request.POST.get('clazz')
        coursenames = request.POST.getlist('coursename')

        # 2.将数据入库
        flage = registerOper(sname, clazz, *coursenames)

        # 3.处理页面响应
        if flage:
            return HttpResponse("注册成功！")

        return HttpResponse('注册失败！')

    else:
        return HttpResponse("无法处理当前请求！")


def showall(request):
    """获取所有的班级信息"""
    # 查询班级信息
    claList = Clazz.objects.all()
    return render(request, "show.html", {"claList": claList})


def getstu(request):
    """获取当恰班级下的学生详情信息"""
    # 获取请求参数
    cno = request.GET.get("cno", -1)

    # 根据班级编号查询学生信息
    # Clazz.objects.get(cno=cno).student.all()
    # 还可以这样写
    stuList = Student.objects.filter(cls_id=cno)

    context = {"stuList": stuList}
    return render(request, 'stuInfo.html', context)

templates/register.html

        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>register</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/student/" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>姓名：<input type="text" name="sname"></p>
    <p>班级：
        <select name="clazz">
            <option value="B201_Python班">Python班</option>
            <option value="B202_Java班">Java班</option>
            <option value="B203_前端班">前端班</option>
            <option value="B204_大数据班">大数据班</option>
        </select>
    </p>
    <p>课程名称:
        <input type="checkbox" name="coursename" value="HTML5">HTML5
        <input type="checkbox" name="coursename" value="Java">Java
        <input type="checkbox" name="coursename" value="Python">Python
        <input type="checkbox" name="coursename" value="Spark">Spark
    </p>
    <p>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;<input type="submit" value="注册"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

templates/show.html

        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1"  cellspacing="0"  width="500px">
    <tr>
        <th>编号</th>
        <th>班级名称</th>
        <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    {% for cls in claList %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ cls.cname }}</td>
            <td><a href="/student/getstu/?cno={{ cls.cno }}">详情</a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
</table>

</body>
</html>

templates/stuInfo.html

        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="500px">
    <tr>
        <th>编号</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>班级名称</th>
        <th>课程名称</th>
    </tr>
    {% for stu in stuList %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ stu.sname }}</td>
            <td>{{ stu.cls.cname }}</td>
            <td>
                {% for course in stu.course.all  %}
                    {#   &emsp;&nbsp;都是空格的意思   #}
                    {{ course.coursename }}&emsp;&nbsp;
                {% endfor %}
            </td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
</table>
</body>
</html>

19_自定义Manager1

重写all()_get_queryset()

        # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models
from django.db.models.manager import Manager

class CustomManager(Manager):
    #重写Student.objects.all()
    # def all(self):
    #     return Manager.all(self).filter(isdelete=False)


    def get_queryset(self):
        return Manager.get_queryset(self).filter(isdelete=False)

class DeletedManager(models.Manager):
    def get_queryset(self):
        return Manager.get_queryset(self).filter(isdelete=True)

# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
    sname=models.CharField(max_length=30,unique=True)
    isdelete=models.BooleanField(default=False)

    objects=CustomManager()

    delStus=DeletedManager()

    class Meta:
        db_table='t_student'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'Student:%s'%self.sname

20_自定义Manager2

重写删除

单个对象删除

Student.objects.first().delete()
Student.delete() #重写的是这个的父类delete()方法

批量删除

Student.objects.filter().delete()
Student.objects.filter().all() #重写_clone()方法
Student.objects.all() #重写get_queryset()方法查询所有记录

        #Python3.6.7中写法

from django.db import models
	import types

	# Create your models here.
	


	def delete1(self,delObjList):
		
		for delObj in delObjList:
			delObj.isdelete = True
			delObj.save()


	class CustomManager(models.Manager):

		def filter(self,*args,**kwargs):
			q = super(CustomManager, self).filter(*args,**kwargs)
			# python3动态绑定实例方法
			#动态给QuerySet类绑定的方法delete
			q.delete = types.MethodType(delete1,q)
			return q
			
			
	调用：
		from stuapp2.models import *
		stuList = Student.objects.filter(isdelete=False)
		stuList.delete(stuList)
#Python2.7中写法

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models
from django.db.models import QuerySet
from django.db.models.manager import Manager



class CustomManager(Manager):

    #查询出需要删除的记录
    def get_queryset(self):
        row_queryset = Manager.get_queryset(self).filter(isdelete=False)
        return row_queryset

    #重写父类filter方法
    def filter(self, *args, **kwargs):
        #调用父类的filter方法
        dellist = Manager.filter(self, *args, **kwargs)

        #声明闭包方法进行逻辑删除
        def delete1(delqueryset):
            for delq in delqueryset:
                delq.isdelete=True
                delq.save()

        import new
        dellist.delete = new.instancemethod(delete1,dellist,QuerySet)

        return dellist

Student.objects.filter().delete()


# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
    sname=models.CharField(max_length=30,unique=True)
    isdelete=models.BooleanField(default=False)


    objects=CustomManager()
    # 重写Student.delete()
    #实现单条记录的逻辑删除
    # def delete(self, using=None, keep_parents=False):
    #     self.isdelete=True
    #     self.save()



    class Meta:
        db_table='t_student'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'Student:%s'%self.sname

闭包：

        在一个外函数中定义了一个内函数，内函数里运用了外函数的临时变量，并且外函数的返回值是内函数的引用。这样就构成了一个闭包。

21_自定义Manager3

重写create()

        # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models
from django.db.models.manager import Manager



class CustomManager(Manager):
    # 重写方法Student.objects.create()
    # 实现Student.objects.create(sname='lisi',clazz='B208Python',course=('HTML5','UI','Java','Python'))
    def create(self, **kwargs):
        clsname=kwargs.get('clazz')
        clazz = self.__get_cls(clsname)
        kwargs['clazz']=clazz

        course=kwargs.pop('course')

        stu = Manager.create(self,**kwargs)
        stu.save()

        stu.course.add(*self.__get_course(*course))
    

        return stu


    def __get_cls(self, clsname):
        try:
            cls = Clazz.objects.get(cname=clsname)
        except Clazz.DoesNotExist:
            cls = Clazz.objects.create(cname=clsname)
            
        return cls


    def __get_course(self,*course):
        row_course=[]
        for cour in course:
            try:
                r_cour = Course.objects.get(course_name=cour)
            except Course.DoesNotExist:
                r_cour = Course.objects.create(course_name=cour)
               
            row_course.append(r_cour)
        return row_course



class Clazz(models.Model):
    cname=models.CharField(max_length=30,unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table='t_clazz'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'Clazz:%s'%self.cname

class Course(models.Model):
    course_name=models.CharField(max_length=30,unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table='t_course'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'Course:%s'%self.course_name


# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
    sname=models.CharField(max_length=30,unique=True)
    clazz=models.ForeignKey(Clazz)
    course=models.ManyToManyField(Course)


    objects=CustomManager()



    class Meta:
        db_table='t_student'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'Student:%s'%self.sname