Day071 Django(七)(9.11)

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于 2019-09-17 01:56:47 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Melody_92/article/details/102859125

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32_URLConf_1

Django如何处理一个请求

当一个用户通过网页发送一个请求给Django网站，Django执行过程如下：

首先访问项目下的settings.py文件中 ROOT_URLCONF = 'test1.urls'
执行项目包下的urls.py文件中的urlpatterns列表
执行应用包下的urls.py文件中的urlpatterns列表
根据匹配的url正则调用相应的视图函数/通用视图
如果没有匹配的正则，将会自动调用Django错误处理页面

url函数配置方式

方式1

        #student/urls.py

#coding=utf-8

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns=[
    url(r'^query$',views.queryAll)

]

#student/views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

def queryAll(request):

    return HttpResponse('hello world')
    
    
    

#访问地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query

方式2:位置传参

        #student/urls.py

#coding=utf-8

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns=[
    
    url(r'^query/(\d{2})$',views.queryAll),

]


#student/views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

def queryAll(request,sno):
    print sno
    return HttpResponse('hello world')


#访问地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query/12

方式3：关键字传参

        urlpatterns=[
  
    url(r'^query/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.queryAll),

]


def queryAll(request,year,day,month):
    print year,month,day
    return HttpResponse('hello world')
    
    
#访问地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query/2008/10/12/

方式4：加载其他映射文件

        from django.conf.urls import include, url

urlpatterns = [
     
    url(r'^community/', include('aggregator.urls')),

]

方式5：传参(参数名必须保持一致)

        urlpatterns=[
    
    url(r'^query/(?P<num1>\d{3})/$',views.queryAll,{'hello':'123'}),
]



def queryAll(request,num1,hello):
    print num1,hello
    return HttpResponse('hello world')
    
#访问地址   
http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query/888/

补充：Django 2.X 以后的写法和 Django 1.X 写法对比

student/urls.py

        # coding=utf-8

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    # url函数配置
    # 方式1-普通字符串      # 访问地址 http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query
    # url(r'^query$', views.queryAll),
    path('query', views.queryAll),

    # 方式2:位置传参      # 访问地址 http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query/12
    # url(r'^query/(\d{2})$', views.queryAll2),
    re_path(r'^query/(\d{2})$', views.queryAll2),
    # path('query/<sno>', views.queryAll2),       # 没有限定类型和长度
    # path('query/<int:sno>', views.queryAll2),       # 限定类型为int

    # 方式3:关键字传参      # 访问地址 http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query/2008/10/12/
    # url(r'^query/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.queryAll3),
    re_path(r'^query/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.queryAll3),

    # 方式4：加载其他映射文件(多用于根路由中
    # url(r'^community/', include('aggregator.urls')),
    path('community/', include('aggregator.urls')),

    # 方式5：传参(参数名必须保持一致)      # 访问地址  http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/query/888/
    # url(r'^query/(?P<num1>\d{3})/$', views.queryAll, {'hello': '123'}),
    re_path(r'^query/(?P<num1>\d{3})/$', views.queryAll4, {'hello': '123'}),

]

student/views.py

        from django.http import HttpResponse


# Create your views here.
def queryAll(request):
    return HttpResponse('hello world')


def queryAll2(request, sno):
    print(sno)
    return HttpResponse('hello world')


def queryAll3(request, year, day, month):
    print(year, month, day)
    return HttpResponse('hello world')


def queryAll4(request, num1, hello):
    print(num1, hello)
    return HttpResponse('hello world')

33_URLConf_2

逆向解析(防止硬编码)

        #student/urls.py

# from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns=[
    # url(r'^query1/([0-9]{4})/$', views.queryAll, name='hello'),
    # url(r'^$', views.index_view),

    re_path(r'^query1/([0-9]{4})/$', views.queryAll, name='hello'),
    path('', views.index_view),
]

#student/views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

def queryAll(request,num1):
    print num1
    return HttpResponse('hello world')

# 通过模板页面逆向访问
def index_view(request):
    return render(request,'index.html')

# 通过Python代码逆向访问
def index_view(request):
    # return render(request,'index.html')
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('hello',args=(2018,)))
    
    
    

#templates/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="{% url 'hello' 2008 %}">访问</a>

</body>
</html>

方式2

        #项目包/urls.py

# from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.urls import path, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url(r'^student/', include('student.urls',namespace='stu',app_name='student')),
    
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # path('student/', include('student.urls')),
    path('student/', include('student.urls', namespace='stu')),
]

#应用包/urls.py

#coding=utf-8

# from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns=[

    # url(r'^$', views.Index.as_view()),
    # url(r'^query2/',views.Login.as_view(),name='login')
    
    path('', views.Index.as_view()),
    path('query2/',views.Login.as_view(),name='login')
]


#应用包/views.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.urls import reverse


from django.views import View
class Index(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,'index.html')


class Login(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return HttpResponse('hello')


#templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="{% url 'stu:login' %}">访问</a>

</body>
</html>

34_HttpRequest和HttpResponse

HttpRequest请求对象（只读）

当用户访问一个视图函数时，Django会创建一个request对象（HttpRequest）
HttpRequest对象中封装了所有的Http协议中的请求信息

常见属性和方法

        HttpRequest.scheme:返回协议类型（http/https）
HttpRequest.body:返回请求实体内容
HttpRequest.path：返回请求地址
HttpRequest.method：返回当前请求方式（GET/POST）
HttpRequest.GET：返回当前请求参数的字典QueryDict
HttpRequest.POST:返回当前请求参数的字典QueryDict
HttpRequest.COOKIES:返回客户端所有的cookie信息
HttpRequest.FILES：获取上传文件（1.要求POST请求2.enctype="multipart/form-data）
HttpRequest.META：返回请求报文信息


HttpRequest.get_host()：返回请求主机名和端口号
HttpRequest.get_full_path()：返回请求地址（包括请求参数）

举例：

student/views.py

        from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render


# Create your views here.
def getRequestInfo(request):
    print(request)
    print(type(request))
    # GET　／　HTTP  / 1.1
    # 获取请求行信息
    print('请求方式:%s' % request.method)
    print('请求地址:%s' % request.path)
    print('请求协议类型:%s' % request.scheme)

    print("=" * 30)

    for k, v in request.META.items():
        if k.startswith("HTTP"):
            print("%s:%s" % (k, v))

    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "index.html")
    elif request.method == "POST":
        print(request.POST.get("uname", ""))
        print(request.body)

    return HttpResponse("hello")

补充：

python字符串前面加u,r,b的含义

1、字符串前加 u

例：u"我是含有中文字符组成的字符串。" 　　　　作用：后面字符串以 Unicode 格式进行编码，一般用在中文字符串前面，防止因为源码储存格式问题，导致再次使用时出现乱码。

2、字符串前加 r

例：r"\n\n\n\n\n\n”

作用：声明后面的字符串是普通字符串，相对的，特殊字符串中含有：转义字符 \n \t 什么什么的。

用途：一般用在正则表达式、文件绝对地址、等等中。。。

3、字符串前加 b

作用：python3.x里默认的str是(py2.x里的)unicode, bytes是(py2.x)的str, b”“前缀代表的就是bytes

python2.x里, b前缀没什么具体意义，只是为了兼容python3.x的这种写法

HttpResponse 响应对象

用法

        #响应内容

>>> from django.http import HttpResponse
>>> response = HttpResponse("Here's the text of the Web page.")
>>> response = HttpResponse("Text only, please.", content_type="text/plain")



>>> response = HttpResponse()
>>> response.write("<p>Here's the text of the Web page.</p>")
>>> response.write("<p>Here's another paragraph.</p>")



>>> response = HttpResponse(my_data, content_type='application/vnd.ms-excel')
>>> response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="foo.xls"'


#设置响应头信息

response = HttpResponse('hello')
response.__setitem__('hello','123')

response = HttpResponse('hello')
response['uname']='zhangsan'


response.setdefault('Server','WBS')

随堂笔记：

        def setRequestInfo(request):
    #  mimetype : text/plain   text/html
    # 第一个参数对应响应实体内容 ---> 页面显示内容
    # 后面的可变参数接收到的都是响应头信息和响应行
    # response = HttpResponse("hello world!", content_type="text/plain")
    response = HttpResponse("<h1>hello world!</h1>", content_type="text/html")

    # 设置响应头信息
    response["Server"] = "ZidingyiServer/1.5"      # 更改已有的
    response["Age"] = "123"                   # 添加自定义的
    response.status_code = 302      # 状态码

    return response

HttpResponse 对象

        常见的子类对象：
    HttpResponseRedirect()  302    重定向
    
    HttpResponsePermanentRedirect()   301  永久性重定向
    
    JsonResponse()
    
    FileResponse()

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Day071 Django(七)(9.11)

32_URLConf_1 Django如何处理一个请求当一个用户通过网页发送一个请求给Django网站，Django执行过程如下：首先访问项目下的settings.py文件中 ROOT_URLCONF = 'test1.urls' 执行项目包下的urls.py文件中的urlpatterns列表执行应用包下的urls...
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