获取java类中的具体泛型实现类

先科普下,泛型是Java SE 1.5的新特性，泛型的本质是参数化类型，也就是说所操作的数据类型被指定为一个参数。这种参数类型可以用在类、接口和方法的创建中，分别称为泛型类、泛型接口、泛型方法。 Java语言引入泛型的好处是安全简单。

在Java SE 1.5之前，没有泛型的情况的下，通过对类型Object的引用来实现参数的“任意化”，“任意化”带来的缺点是要做显式的强制类型转换，而这种转换是要求开发者对实际参数类型可以预知的情况下进行的。对于强制类型转换错误的情况，编译器可能不提示错误，在运行的时候才出现异常，这是一个安全隐患。

泛型的好处是在编译的时候检查类型安全，并且所有的强制转换都是自动和隐式的，以提高代码的重用率。

那么问题来了,如何通过java反射获取实现类中的具体泛型呢,先来看几段代码:

public class TestFacade extends BaseFacade<PersonVO> {
    
    @Override
    protected BizAppService<PersonVO> getAppService() {
        return null;
    }
    
}

public abstract class BaseFacade<T extends BaseVO> {
    
    /** 日志记录 */
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseFacade.class);
     
    protected abstract BizAppService<T> getAppService();
}

      我们如何TestFacade具体泛型实现类,查看jdk Class源码可知Class的getGenericSuperclass方法能返回带泛型的具体Type

 /**
     * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
     * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
     * this {@code Class}.
     *
     * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
     * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
     * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
     * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
     * created before. See the declaration of {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
     * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
     * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
     * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
     * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
     * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
     * returned.
     *
     * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
     *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
     *     <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
     * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
     *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
     * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
     *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
     *     instantiated  for any reason
     * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
        if (getGenericSignature() != null) {
            // Historical irregularity:
            // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
            // but this API returns null for interfaces
            if (isInterface())
                return null;
            return getGenericInfo().getSuperclass();
        } else
            return getSuperclass();
    }

      再查看JDK源码ParameterizedType接口可知该接口是继承Type接口的,查看源码注释可知该接口中的getActualTypeArguments方法可以返回实际泛型的具体类型数组,

 /**
     * Returns an array of {@code Type} objects representing the actual type
     * arguments to this type.
     *
     * <p>Note that in some cases, the returned array be empty. This can occur
     * if this type represents a non-parameterized type nested within
     * a parameterized type.
     *
     * @return an array of {@code Type} objects representing the actual type
     *     arguments to this type
     * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the
     *     actual type arguments refers to a non-existent type declaration
     * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if any of the
     *     actual type parameters refer to a parameterized type that cannot
     *     be instantiated for any reason
     * @since 1.5
     */
    Type[] getActualTypeArguments();

       所以我们找到了方法通过如下实现即可取得泛型实际类型:

public class Demo {
    
    /**
     * @param args
     *            xx
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //
        ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType) TestFacade.class.getGenericSuperclass();
        Class<?> cls = (Class<?>) type.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        System.out.println("generic type:" + cls);
    }
}