设计模式笔记之Decorator Pattern

装饰模式: Decorator Pattern

概括: 动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。单从增加功能来说，用装饰模式比简单使用子类继承的方式来的灵活。

关键字: Has-a，

重点: 每个装饰类都要实现定义好的实现功能的纯虚装饰函数。各个装饰类都has-a一个拥有基本功能的类，通过对接口的实现，给has-a关系的基础功能增加新的功能

类图:

简单例子: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern

待装饰的基类:

// The Coffee Interface defines the functionality of Coffee implemented by decorator
public interface Coffee {
    public double getCost(); // returns the cost of the coffee
    public String getIngredients(); // returns the ingredients of the coffee
}
 
// implementation of a simple coffee without any extra ingredients
public class SimpleCoffee implements Coffee {
    public double getCost() {
        return 1;
    }
 
    public String getIngredients() {
        return "Coffee";
    }
}

----------------------

虚装饰类:

// abstract decorator class - note that it implements Coffee interface
abstract public class CoffeeDecorator implements Coffee {
    protected final Coffee decoratedCoffee; // has-a一个待装饰的基类
    protected String ingredientSeparator = ", ";
 
    public CoffeeDecorator(Coffee decoratedCoffee) {
        this.decoratedCoffee = decoratedCoffee;
    }
 
    public double getCost() { // implementing methods of the interface
        return decoratedCoffee.getCost();
    }
 
    public String getIngredients() {
        return decoratedCoffee.getIngredients();
    }
}

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实际增加功能的装饰类,即提供给用户使用的装饰类：

// Decorator Milk that mixes milk with coffee
// note it extends CoffeeDecorator
public class Milk extends CoffeeDecorator {
    public Milk(Coffee decoratedCoffee) {
        super(decoratedCoffee);
    }
 
    public double getCost() { // overriding methods defined in the abstract superclass
        return super.getCost() + 0.5;
    }
 
    public String getIngredients() {
        return super.getIngredients() + ingredientSeparator + "Milk";
    }
}

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实际用户子类:

public class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Coffee c = new SimpleCoffee();
        System.out.println("Cost: " + c.getCost() + "; Ingredients: " + c.getIngredients());
 
        c = new Milk(c);
        System.out.println("Cost: " + c.getCost() + "; Ingredients: " + c.getIngredients());
        
        ...

    }
}