设计模式之十一--单例模式

单例模式：保证一个类只有一个实例，并提供一个访问它的全局访问点。

单例大家应该都知道，这里更多来看一下，python实现单例的一些特性
装饰器来实现的版本

from functools import wraps


def singleton(cls):
    _instance = {}

    @wraps(cls)
    def wrapper():
        if cls not in _instance:
            _instance[cls] = cls()

    return wrapper


@singleton
class Child:
    def __init__(self):
        print("This is the singleton test")

    def play(self):
        print("Please be a happy kid")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    t1 = Child()
    t2 = Child()

    if t1 is t2:
        print("They are the same kid")

重写类的__new__方法

class Singleton(type):
    _instance = None
    
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            cls._instance = type.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instance


if __name__ == "__main__":
    t1 = Singleton()
    t2 = Singleton()

    if t1 is t2:
        print("They are the same thing")

高端版：元类实现。

class Singleton(type):
    _instances = {}

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in cls._instances:
            cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instances[cls]


class Child(metaclass=Singleton):
    def __init__(self):
        print("This is the singleton test")

    def play(self):
        print("Please be a happy kid")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    t1 = Child()
    t2 = Child()

    if t1 is t2:
        print("They are the same kid")