网络-----open switch 介绍

1 什么是OpenvSwitch

OpenvSwitch，简称OVS是一个虚拟交换软件，主要用于虚拟机VM环境，作为一个虚拟交换机，支持Xen/XenServer, KVM, and VirtualBox多种虚拟化技术。

在这种某一台机器的虚拟化的环境中，一个虚拟交换机（vswitch）主要有两个作用：传递虚拟机VM之间的流量，以及实现VM和外界网络的通信。

整个OVS代码用C写的。目前有以下功能：

• Standard 802.1Q VLAN model with trunk and access ports
• NIC bonding with or without LACP on upstream switch
• NetFlow, sFlow(R), and mirroring for increased visibility
• QoS (Quality of Service) configuration, plus policing
• GRE, GRE over IPSEC, VXLAN, and LISP tunneling
• 802.1ag connectivity fault management
• OpenFlow 1.0 plus numerous extensions
• Transactional configuration database with C and Python bindings
• High-performance forwarding using a Linux kernel module

2 OpenvSwitch的组成

• ovs-vswitchd：守护程序，实现交换功能，和Linux内核兼容模块一起，实现基于流的交换flow-based switching。
• ovsdb-server：轻量级的数据库服务，主要保存了整个OVS的配置信息，包括接口啊，交换内容，VLAN啊等等。ovs-vswitchd会根据数据库中的配置信息工作。
• ovs-dpctl：一个工具，用来配置交换机内核模块，可以控制转发规则。
• ovs-vsctl：主要是获取或者更改ovs-vswitchd的配置信息，此工具操作的时候会更新ovsdb-server中的数据库。
• ovs-appctl：主要是向OVS守护进程发送命令的，一般用不上。
• ovsdbmonitor：GUI工具来显示ovsdb-server中数据信息。
• ovs-controller：一个简单的OpenFlow控制器
• ovs-ofctl：用来控制OVS作为OpenFlow交换机工作时候的流表内容。

3 OpenvSwitch和其他vswitch

这里其他的vswitch,包括VMware vNetwork distributed switch以及思科的Cisco Nexus 1000V。

VMware vNetwork distributed switch以及思科的Cisco Nexus 1000V这种虚拟交换机提供的是一个集中式的控制方式，。而OVS则是一个独立的vswitch，他运行在每个实现虚拟化的物理机器上，并提供远程管理。OVS提供了两种在虚拟化环境中远程管理的协议：一个是OpenFlow,通过流表来管理交换机的行为，一个是OVSDB management protocol，用来暴露sietch的port状态。

(二)-概念及工作流程1

1 vswitch、Bridge、Datapath

在网络中，交换机和桥都是同一个概念，OVS实现了一个虚拟机的以太交换机，换句话说，OVS也就是实现了一个以太桥。那么，在OVS中，给一个交换机，或者说一个桥，用了一个专业的名词，叫做DataPath！

要了解，OVS如何工作，首先需要知道桥的概念。

网桥也叫做桥接器，连接两个局域网的设备，网桥工作在数据链路层，将两个LAN连接，根据MAC地址来转发帧，可以看成一个“低层的路由器”（路由器工作在网络层，根据IP地质进行转发）。

1.1 网桥的工作原理

网桥处理包遵循以下几条规则：

• 在一个接口上接收到的包不会再往那个接口上发送此包。
• 每个接收到的包都要学习其源MAC地址。
• 如果数据包是多播或者广播包（通过2层MAC地址确定）则要向接收端口以外的所有端口转发，如果上层协议感兴趣，则还会递交上层处理。
• 如果数据包的地址不能再CAM表中找到，则向接收端口以外的其他端口转发。
• 如果CAM表中能找到，则转发给相应端口，如果发送和接收都是统一端口，则不发送。

注意，网桥是以混杂模式工作的。关于网桥更多，请查阅相关资料。

2 OVS中的bridge

上面，说到，一个桥就是一个交换机。在OVS中，

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style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">::</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">1809</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">56ff</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">feea</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">b49</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">/</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">64</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Scope</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Link</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">1500</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Metric</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">1</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> RX packets</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">1584</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> errors</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> dropped</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> overruns</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> frame</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> TX packets</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">6</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> errors</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> dropped</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> overruns</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> carrier</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> collisions</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> txqueuelen</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> RX bytes</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">316502</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">(</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">316.5</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> KB</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">)</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> TX bytes</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">468</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">(</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">468.0</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> B</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">)</span></span></span>

当我们创建了一个交换机（网桥）以后，此时网络功能不受影响，但是会产生一个虚拟网卡，名字就是brname，之所以会产生一个虚拟网卡，是为了实现接下来的网桥（交换机）功能。有了这个交换机以后，我还需要为这个交换机增加端口(port)，一个端口，就是一个物理网卡，当网卡加入到这个交换机之后，其工作方式就和普通交换机的一个端口的工作方式类似了。

<span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">ovs</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">-</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">vsctl add</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">-</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">port brname port</span></span></span>

这里要特别注意，网卡加入网桥以后，要按照网桥的工作标准工作，那么加入的一个端口就必须是以混杂模式工作，工作在链路层，处理2层的帧，所以这个port就不需要配置IP了。（你没见过哪个交换的端口有IP的吧）

那么接下来你可能会问，通常的交换机不都是有一个管理接口，可以telnet到交换机上进行配置吧，那么在OVS中创建的虚拟交换机有木有这种呢，有的！上面既然创建交换机brname的时候产生了一个虚拟网口brname,那么，你给这个虚拟网卡配置了IP以后，就相当于给交换机的管理接口配置了IP，此时一个正常的虚拟交换机就搞定了。

<span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">ip address add </span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">192.168</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">.</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">1.1</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">/</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">24</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> dev brname</span></span></span>

最后，我们来看看一个br的具体信息：

<span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">root@Compute2</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:~</span></span></span><span class="com" style="font-family:inherit;color:#880000;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="com" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="com" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"># ovs-vsctl show</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> bc12c8d2</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">-</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">6900</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">-</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">42dd</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">-</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">9c1c</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">-</span></span></span><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;color:#006666;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="lit" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">30e8ecb99a1b</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Bridge</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;color:#008800;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">"br0"</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Port</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;color:#008800;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">"eth0"</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Interface</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;color:#008800;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">"eth0"</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Port</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;color:#008800;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">"br0"</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;color:#660066;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="typ" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">Interface</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;color:#008800;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">"br0"</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> type</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="kwd" style="font-family:inherit;color:#000088;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="kwd" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="kwd" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">internal</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> ovs_version</span></span></span><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;color:#666600;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pun" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">:</span></span></span><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="pln" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"> </span></span></span><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;color:#008800;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;"><span class="str" style="font-family:inherit;border:0px;font-style:inherit;margin:0px;outline:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;">"1.4.0+build0"</span></span></span>

首先，这里显示了一个名为br0的桥（交换机），这个交换机有两个接口,一个是eth0，一个是br0，上面说到，创建桥的时候会创建一个和桥名字一样的接口，并自动作为该桥的一个端口，那么这个虚拟接口的作用，一方面是可以作为交换机的管理端口，另一方面也是基于这个虚拟接口，实现了桥的功能。

OpenvSwitch完全使用手册(二)-概念及工作流程2

这一部分我以一个简单的例子，说明在虚拟化环境中OpenvSwitch的典型工作流程。

前面已经说到，OVS主要是用来在虚拟化环境中。虚拟机之间一个虚拟机和外网之间的通信所用，如下是一个典型的结构图：

那么，通常情况下的工作流程如下：

• 1 VM实例instance产生一个数据包并发送至实例内的虚拟网络接口VNIC，图中就是instance中的eth0.
• 2 这个数据包会传送到物理节点上的VNIC接口，如图就是vnet接口。
• 3 数据包从vnet NIC出来，到达桥（虚拟交换机）br100上.
• 4 数据包经过交换机的处理，从物理节点上的物理接口发出，如图中物理节点上的eth0.
• 5 数据包从eth0出去的时候，是按照物理节点上的路由以及默认网关操作的，这个时候该数据包其实已经不受你的控制了。