Category

Category主要用于在不创建继承类的情况下实现对已有类的扩展，向已有类中添加方法从而达到扩展已有类的目的，在很多情形下Category也是比创建子类更优的选择。例子：@interface UIColor (HexColor)
+ (UIColor *)HexColor:(NSString *) hexColor;
@end

#import "UIColor+HexColor.h"

@implementation UIColor (HexColor)
+ (UIColor *)HexColor:(NSString *) hexColor {
    unsigned int redInt_, greenInt_, blueInt_;
    NSRange rangeNSRange_;
    rangeNSRange_.length = 2;
    rangeNSRange_.location = 0;
    [[NSScanner scannerWithString:[hexColor substringWithRange:rangeNSRange_]]
     scanHexInt:&redInt_];
    rangeNSRange_.location = 2;
    [[NSScanner scannerWithString:[hexColor substringWithRange:rangeNSRange_]]
     scanHexInt:&greenInt_];
    rangeNSRange_.location = 4;
    [[NSScanner scannerWithString:[hexColor substringWithRange:rangeNSRange_]]
     scanHexInt:&blueInt_];

    return [UIColor colorWithRed:(float)(redInt_/255.0f)
                           green:(float)(greenInt_/255.0f)
                            blue:(float)(blueInt_/255.0f)
                           alpha:1.0f];
}

@end

调用

    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor HexColor:@"ec2003"];