字典

在 python中，字典 是一系列 键(key)-值(value)对

每个键 都与一个值相关联，可以使用键来访问与之相关联的值

值(value) 可以是数字、字符串、列表乃至字典

一个简单的字典

alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}
print(alien_0['color'])
print(alien_0['points'])

green
5

创建空字典

alien_0 = {}

添加键-值对

alien_0['x_position'] = 0
alien_0['y_position'] = 25
print(alien_0)

{'x_position': 0, 'y_position': 25}

修改字典中的值

alien_0['x_position'] = 100
print(alien_0)

{'x_position': 100, 'y_position': 25}

删除 键-值对

del alien_0['x_position']

print(alien_0)

{'y_position': 25}

遍历字典

遍历所有的键-值对

favorite_languages = {
    'jen':'python',
    'sarah':'c',
    'edward':'ruby',
    'phil':'python',
}

items() 方法返回一个键-值对列表

print(favorite_languages.items())

dict_items([('jen', 'python'), ('sarah', 'c'), ('edward', 'ruby'), ('phil', 'python')])

for key,value in favorite_languages.items():
    print("\nkey:" + key)
    print("Value:" + value)

key:jen
Value:python

key:sarah
Value:c

key:edward
Value:ruby

key:phil
Value:python

遍历 字典中的所有键 keys() 方法

for name in favorite_languages.keys():
    print(name.title())

Jen
Sarah
Edward
Phil

某些键 是否 在字典中

if 'erin' not in favorite_languages.keys():
    print('erin is not in directory')

erin is not in directory

按顺序遍历字典中的 所有键 sorted() 方法

for name in sorted(favorite_languages.keys()):
    print(name.title())

Edward
Jen
Phil
Sarah

遍历字典中的 所有值 values()方法

for language in favorite_languages.values():
    print(language.title())

Python
C
Ruby
Python

重复元素的处理

set() 集合对重复元素的列表进行调整

favorite_languages = {
    'jen':'python',
    'sarah':'c',
    'edward':'ruby',
    'phil':'python',
}

for language in set(favorite_languages.values()):
    print(language.title())

C
Python
Ruby

嵌套

需要将一系列字典存储在列表中，或将列表作为值存储在字典中

字典列表(将字典存在列表中)

alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}
alien_1 = {'color':'yellow','points':10}
alien_2 = {'color':'red','points':15}

aliens = [alien_0,alien_1,alien_2]

for alien in aliens:
    print(alien)

{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}
{'color': 'yellow', 'points': 10}
{'color': 'red', 'points': 15}

在字典中存储列表

favorite_languages = {
    'jen':['python','ruby'],
    'sarah':['c'],
    'edward':['ruby','go'],
    'phil':['python','haskell'],
}

for name,languages in favorite_languages.items():
    print('\n' + name.title() + "'s favorite languages are:")
    for language in languages:
        print('\t' + language.title())

Jen's favorite languages are:
	Python
	Ruby

Sarah's favorite languages are:
	C

Edward's favorite languages are:
	Ruby
	Go

Phil's favorite languages are:
	Python
	Haskell

在字典中存储字典

users = {
    'aeinstein':{
        'first':'albert',
        'last':'einstein',
        'location':'princeton',
    },
    'mcurie':{
        'first':'marie',
        'last':'curie',
        'location':'paris',
    },
}
for username,user_info in users.items():
    print('\nUsername' + username)
    full_name = user_info['first'] + " " + user_info['last']
    location = user_info['location']
    
    print('\tFull name:' + full_name.title())
    print('\tLocation' + full_name.title())

Usernameaeinstein
	Full name:Albert Einstein
	LocationAlbert Einstein

Usernamemcurie
	Full name:Marie Curie
	LocationMarie Curie