使用opencv寻找最小外接垂直矩形并且复制给新图

使用opencv寻找某个物体的最小垂直矩形，选定图片里的物体所在区域，复制给新图片，再对新图片进行操作，可以减少运算复杂度

寻找矩形的原理是，先寻找图片里物体的边缘，然后从边缘来寻找矩形。这个代码里以vector向量Contours保存边缘数据，以BoundRectangle保存矩阵数据。

int main()
{
	Mat Picture = imread("pic.jpg");
	Mat PicColor = Picture.clone();
	
	/* 首先转化为二值图 */
	Mat PicBi;
	int thresh = 120;	//threshold 阈值
	int maxval = 255;
	cvtColor(PicColor, PicBi, CV_BGR2GRAY);
	threshold(PicBi, PicBi, thresh, maxval, CV_THRESH_BINARY);

	/* 对二值图寻找最小外接垂直矩阵，挑其中最大的那个矩阵 */
	vector<Rect>BoundRectangle;
	Point tl, br;
	tl.x = 0;
	tl.y = 0;
	br.x = 0;
	br.y = 0;

	vector<vector<Point>>Contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;

	//寻找边缘，把边缘的点放到容器中
	findContours(PicBi, Contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

	//从边缘容器中寻找最小外接垂直矩形
	//函数boundingRect用来寻找矩阵，返回值是Rect值
	for (int i = 0; i < Contours.size(); i++)
	{
		BoundRectangle.push_back(boundingRect(Mat(Contours[i]))); //外接矩形
		
		/* 寻找最大的外接垂直矩形 */
		int length;
		length = (BoundRectangle[i].br().x - BoundRectangle[i].tl().x) ^ 2 + (BoundRectangle[i].br().y - BoundRectangle[i].tl().y) ^ 2;
		int oldlength;
		oldlength = (br.x - tl.x) ^ 2 + (br.y - tl.y) ^ 2;

		if (length > oldlength)
		{
			tl = BoundRectangle[i].tl();
			br = BoundRectangle[i].br();
		}
	}
	
	//把最大的那个矩形画在图片中
	Mat PicBiRectangle;
	PicBiRectangle = PicBi.clone();
	rectangle(PicBiRectangle, tl, br, WHITENESS, 2, 8, 0);


	/* 把最小矩形的图像，外面加两层像素后复制到另一个Mat容器 */
	int width = (br.y - tl.y) + 1 + 4;
	int height = (br.x - tl.x) + 1 + 4;
	Mat PicSmall(height, width, CV_8UC1, BLACKNESS);
	PicSmall = 0;
	//抠图
	PicSmall = PicBi(Rect(tl.x-2, tl.y-2, height, width));

 

	/* Debug Window */
	namedWindow("BiPic", 0);
	namedWindow("OrdinaryPic", 0);
	namedWindow("SmallPic", 0);
	imshow("BiPic", PicBiRectangle);
	imshow("OrdinaryPic", PicColor);
	imshow("SmallPic", PicSmall);
	waitKey(0);

	system("PAUSE");

}