mysql安装与配置

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 18:16:51 发布

Mingzi540

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 18:16:51 发布

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文章标签：数据仓库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Mingzi540/article/details/124246405

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1.1 数据结构模型

数据结构模型主要有：

层次模型
网状结构
关系模型

关系模型：
二维关系：row，column

数据库管理系统：DBMS
关系：Relational，RDBMS

RDBMS专业名词

常见的关系型数据库管理系统：

MySQL：MySQL，MariaDB，Percona-Server
PostgreSQL：简称为pgsql
Oracle
MSSQL

SQL：Structure Query Language，结构化查询语言

约束：constraint，向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

主键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据，不能为空（NOT NULL）。
- 一个表只能存在一个
惟一键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空（NULL）
- 一个表可以存在多个
外键约束：一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据
检查性约束

索引：将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存，并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

关系型数据库的常见组件

关系型数据库的常见组件有：

数据库：database
表：table，由行（row）和列（column）组成
索引：index
视图：view
用户：user
权限：privilege
存储过程：procedure
存储函数：function
触发器：trigger
事件调度器：event scheduler

SQL语句

SQL语句有三种类型：

DDL：Data Defination Language，数据定义语言
DML：Data Manipulation Language，数据操纵语言
DCL：Data Control Language，数据控制语言

SQL语句类型	对应操作
DDL	CREATE：创建 DROP：删除 ALTER：修改
DML	INSERT：向表中插入数据 DELETE：删除表中数据 UPDATE：更新表中数据 SELECT：查询表中数据
DCL	GRANT：授权 REVOKE：移除授权

mysql安装

mysql安装方式有三种：

源代码：编译安装
二进制格式的程序包：展开至特定路径，并经过简单配置后即可使用
程序包管理器管理的程序包：
- rpm：有两种
  - OS Vendor：操作系统发行商提供的
  - 项目官方提供的
- deb

编译安装mysql

Index of /232905 (mysql.com)

https://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm //下载157这版本的rpm包

[root@mingzi ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@mingzi ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql57-community-release-el7-10 ################################# [100%]

//安装

Index of /232905/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7打开这个链接，下载5个依赖包

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@mingzi ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

//下载好查看这5个rpm包，把多余的rpm包删除

[root@mingzi ~]# yum -y install *.rpm
//打包安装5个rpm包

mysql配置

设置开机自启

[root@mingzi ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; ven>
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
[root@mingzi ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld

[root@mingzi ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; ven>
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-04-18 14:00:46 CST; 51s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 12852 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var>
  Process: 12802 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited,>
 Main PID: 12854 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 11217)
   Memory: 294.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─12854 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mys>

Apr 18 14:00:43 mingzi systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Apr 18 14:00:46 mingzi systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

查看端口号

[root@mingzi ~]# ss -ant
State  Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port  Process 
LISTEN 0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*             
ESTAB  0       0         192.168.80.3:22     192.168.80.1:64468         
ESTAB  0       52        192.168.80.3:22     192.168.80.1:59195         
LISTEN 0       80                   *:3306              *:*             
LISTEN 0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*

过滤出mysql的临时密码

[root@mingzi ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log 
2022-04-18T06:00:44.028092Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: l/)L%pqib2.T


l/)L%pqib2.T

使用-uroot，输入临时密码进入数据库

[root@mingzi ~]# mysql -ueoot -p'l/)L%pqib2.T'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'eoot'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@mingzi ~]# mysql -uroot -p'l/)L%pqib2.T'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

设置新的密码：大写小写数字字符满足条件

mysql> set password = password('Mingzi540..');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

//加上括号是为了给密码加密

使用新密码登录

[root@mingzi ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Mingzi540..'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

//为避免mysql自动升级，这里需要卸载最开始安装的yum源
rpm -e mysql57-community-release

mysql的程序组成

客户端
- mysql：CLI交互式客户端程序
- mysql_secure_installation：安全初始化，强烈建议安装完以后执行此命令
- mysqldump：mysql备份工具
- mysqladmin
服务器端
- mysqld

使用Navicat fo mysql 链接客户端

先关闭防火墙

[root@mingzi ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.



[root@mingzi ~]# setenforce 0
[root@mingzi ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 


# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled

给真机ip做一个授权

mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.80.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'Mingzi540..';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

链接成功

mysql工具使用

//查看当前使用的mysql版本

[root@mingzi ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.37, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

//不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本

[root@mingzi ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Mingzi540..' -e 'SHOW DATABASES;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

[root@mingzi ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e 'SHOW DATABASES;'
Enter password: 
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

[root@mingzi ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e 'SHOW DATABASES;'
Enter password: 
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

//注意，不推荐直接在命令行里直接用-pPASSWORD的方式登录，而是使用-p选项，然后交互式输入密码

Mingzi540

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mysql安装与配置

1.1 数据结构模型数据结构模型主要有：层次模型网状结构关系模型关系模型：二维关系：row，column数据库管理系统：DBMS关系：Relational，RDBMSRDBMS专业名词常见的关系型数据库管理系统：MySQL：MySQL，MariaDB，Percona-Server PostgreSQL：简称为pgsql Oracle MSSQLSQL：Structure Query Language，结构化查询语言约束：constraint，向数据表提供的数
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