学习笔记之Page Object设计模式

认识Page Objec

优点：

1. 减少代码的重复
2. 让测试更具可读性和强大性
3. 提高了测试的可维护性，特别是当有频繁变化的AUT（被测试的应用程序）

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep

class Page(object):
    '''基础类，用于页面对象类的继承'''
    login_url='http://www.126.com'
    def __init__(self,selenium_driver,base_url=login_url):
        self.base_url=base_url
        self.driver = selenium_driver
        self.timeout=30
    def on_page(self):
        return self.driver.current_url == (self.base_url+self.url)
    def _open(self,url):
        url = self.base_url+url
        self.driver.get(url)
        assert self.on_page(), 'Did not land on %s' % url
    def open(self):
        self._open(self.url)
    def find_element(self,*loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

class LoginPage(Page):
    '''具体的页面对象，126邮箱登录页面模型'''
    url='/'
    #定位器
    username_loc=(By.ID,"idInput")
    password_loc = (By.ID,"pwdInput")
    submit_loc = (By.ID,"loginBtn")
    #Action
    def type_username(self,username):
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)# *self相当于调用了一个数组,个数不定
        '''例子：
        class A():
            a=(2,5)
            def add_(self,x,y):
                return x+y
            def add(self):
                self.add_(*self.a) >>>>>self.add_(2,5)
        if __name__ == '__main__':
            a= A()
            a.add()
            
        >>>>>
        '''
    def type_password(self,password):
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)
    def submit(self):
        self.find_element(*self.submit_loc).click()

def test_user_login(driver,username,password):
    '''用户具体场景方法，测试获取的用户名密码是否可以登录'''
    login_page = LoginPage(driver)
    login_page.open()
    login_page.type_username(username)
    login_page.type_password(password)
    login_page.submit()

def main(): #测试用例，断言放在测试用例里面比较合理，因为不同的测试用例，需要检查的点不一样，所以尽量不要做封装
    try:
        driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        username = 'MoLi_DD'
        password = 'dandan199010'
        test_user_login(driver,username,password)
        sleep(3)
        text = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//span[@id='spnuid']").text #断言
        assert(text == 'MoLi_DD@126.com'),"用户名不匹配，登录失败！"
    finally:
        #关闭浏览器窗口
        driver.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

实际应用中，不能这么写，不能把被测试的和测试用例和执行放置在同一个文件内
标准结构：

base中的代码：

class Page(object):
    '''基础类，用于页面对象类的继承'''
    login_url='http://www.126.com'
    def __init__(self,selenium_driver,base_url=login_url):
        self.base_url=base_url
        self.driver = selenium_driver
        self.timeout=30
    def on_page(self):
        return self.driver.current_url == (self.base_url+self.url)
    def _open(self,url):
        url = self.base_url+url
        self.driver.get(url)
        assert self.on_page(), 'Did not land on %s' % url
    def open(self):
        self._open(self.url)
    def find_element(self,*loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

LoginPage中的代码：

import base
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
class LoginPage(base.Page):
    '''具体的页面对象，126邮箱登录页面模型'''
    url = '/'
    # 定位器
    username_loc = (By.ID, "idInput")
    password_loc = (By.ID, "pwdInput")
    submit_loc = (By.ID, "loginBtn")
    assert_username_loc = (By.XPATH,"//span[@id='spnUid']")

    # Action
    def type_username(self, username):
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)  # *self相当于调用了一个数组,个数不定
        '''例子：
        class A():
            a=(2,5)
            def add_(self,x,y):
                return x+y
            def add(self):
                self.add_(*self.a) >>>>>self.add_(2,5)
        if __name__ == '__main__':
            a= A()
            a.add()

        >>>>>
        '''

    def type_password(self, password):
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)

    def submit(self):
        self.find_element(*self.submit_loc).click()
    def assert_username(self):
        text = self.find_element(*self.assert_username_loc).text
        return text

if __name__=='__main__': #测试一下是否引包成功
    dirver = webdriver.Firefox()
    url = 'http://www.126.com'
    LoginPage(dirver,url)

login_case中的代码：

from selenium import webdriver
import unittest
from Page_obj.LoginPage import LoginPage
class Mail(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver= webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def user_login(self,driver,username,password):
        '''用户具体场景方法，测试获取的用户名密码是否可以登录'''
        po = LoginPage(driver)
        po.open()
        po.type_username(username)
        po.type_password(password)
        po.submit()


    def test_126(self):
        '''搜索关键字，selenium ide'''
        driver = self.driver
        po = LoginPage(driver)
        self.user_login(driver,"MoLi_DD","*******")
        text = po.aseert_username()
        assertEqual(text,"MoLi_DD@126.com")

    '''
        try:
            self.assertEqual("selenium ide_百度搜索",driver.title)
        except AssertionError as e:
            self.verificationErrors.append(str(e))
            '''
if __name__=='__main__':
    unittest.main()