【Prometheus】Prometheus的k8s部署

Kubernetes 集群部署 Prometheus 和 Grafana

//实验环境
控制节点/master01        192.168.67.30
工作节点/node01            192.168.67.12
工作节点/node02            192.168.67.13

//node-exporter 安装

#创建监控 namespace

kubectl create ns monitor-sa

#部署 node-exporter

mkdir /opt/prometheus
cd /opt/prometheus/

vim node-export.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
# daemonset可以保证 k8s 集群的每个节点都运行完全一样的 pod
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    name: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
     name: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: node-exporter
    spec:
      hostPID: true
      hostIPC: true
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
      - name: node-exporter
        image: prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
        resources:
          requests:
            #这个容器运行至少需要0.15核cpu
            cpu: 0.15
        securityContext:
          #开启特权模式
          privileged: true
        args:
        - --path.procfs
        - /host/proc
        - --path.sysfs
        - /host/sys
        - --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
        - '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
        volumeMounts:
        - name: dev
          mountPath: /host/dev
        - name: proc
          mountPath: /host/proc
        - name: sys
          mountPath: /host/sys
        - name: rootfs
          mountPath: /rootfs
      tolerations:
      - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"
      volumes:
        - name: proc
          hostPath:
            path: /proc
        - name: dev
          hostPath:
            path: /dev
        - name: sys
          hostPath:
            path: /sys
        - name: rootfs
          hostPath:
            path: /

#hostNetwork、hostIPC、hostPID都为True时,表示这个Pod里的所有容器,会直接使用宿主机的网络,直接与宿主机进行IPC(进程间通信)通信,可以看到宿主机里正在运行的所有进程。加入了hostNetwork:true会直接将我们的宿主机的9100端口映射出来,从而不需要创建service在我们的宿主机上就会有一个9100的端口。

#创建资源并查看
kubectl apply -f node-export.yaml

kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide

#通过 node-exporter 采集数据

node-exporter 默认的监听端口是 9100;
可以执行 curl http://主机ip:9100/metrics 获取到主机的所有监控数据

curl -Ls http://192.168.10.19:9100/metrics | grep node_cpu_seconds
# HELP node_cpu_seconds_total Seconds the cpus spent in each mode.		#Help 用于解释当前指标的含义
# TYPE node_cpu_seconds_total counter				#Type 用于说明数据的类型,这是一个 counter(计数器)类型的数据
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="idle"} 1076.15		#接下来就是具体的指标的值
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="iowait"} 0.99
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="irq"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="nice"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="softirq"} 3.15
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="steal"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="system"} 23.17
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="user"} 24.49
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="idle"} 1079.71
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="iowait"} 0.75
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="irq"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="nice"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="softirq"} 3.6
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="steal"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="system"} 22.04
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="user"} 25.6

curl -Ls http://192.168.10.19:9100/metrics | grep node_load
# HELP node_load1 1m load average.
# TYPE node_load1 gauge
node_load1 0.24
# HELP node_load15 15m load average.
# TYPE node_load15 gauge
node_load15 0.16
# HELP node_load5 5m load average.
# TYPE node_load5 gauge
node_load5 0.18

Prometheus 安装和配置

(1)创建 sa 账号,对 sa 做 rbac 授权

创建账号;#创建一个 sa 账号 monitor

kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitor-sa

绑定授权;#把 sa 账号 monitor 通过 clusterrolebing 绑定到 clusterrole 上

kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitor-sa --clusterrole=cluster-admin  --serviceaccount=monitor-sa:monitor

(2)创建一个 configmap 存储卷,用来存放 prometheus 配置信息

vim prometheus-cfg.yaml

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor-sa
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:                     #指定prometheus的全局配置,比如采集间隔,抓取超时时间等
      scrape_interval: 15s      #采集目标主机监控数据的时间间隔,默认为1m
      scrape_timeout: 10s       #数据采集超时时间,默认10s
      evaluation_interval: 1m 	#触发告警生成alert的时间间隔,默认是1m
    scrape_configs:             #配置数据源,称为target,每个target用job_name命名。又分为静态配置和服务发现
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:    # *_sd_configs 指定的是k8s的服务发现
      - role: node              #使用node角色,它使用默认的kubelet提供的http端口来发现集群中每个node节点
      relabel_configs:	        #重新标记
      - source_labels: [__address__]    #配置的原始标签,匹配地址
        regex: '(.*):10250'             #匹配带有10250端口的url;可以自定义
        replacement: '${1}:9100'        #把匹配到的ip:10250的ip保留
        target_label: __address__       #新生成的url是${1}获取到的ip:9100
        action: replace         #动作替换
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)    #匹配到下面正则表达式的标签会被保留,如果不做regex正则的话,默认只是会显示instance标签
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'    #抓取cAdvisor数据,是获取kubelet上/metrics/cadvisor接口数据来获取容器的资源使用情况
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role:  node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap    #把匹配到的标签保留
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)    #保留匹配到的具有__meta_kubernetes_node_label的标签
      - target_label: __address__                   #获取到的地址:__address__="192.168.80.20:10250"
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443     #把获取到的地址替换成新的地址kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)                                 #把原始标签中__meta_kubernetes_node_name值匹配到
        target_label: __metrics_path__              #获取__metrics_path__对应的值
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor	
        #把metrics替换成新的值api/v1/nodes/k8s-master1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
        #${1}是__meta_kubernetes_node_name获取到的值
        #新的url就是https://kubernetes.default.svc:443/api/v1/nodes/k8s-master1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints                             #使用k8s中的endpoint服务发现,采集apiserver 6443端口获取到的数据
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]    #[endpoint这个对象的名称空间,endpoint对象的服务名,exnpoint的端口名称]
        action: keep    #采集满足条件的实例,其他实例不采集
        regex: default;kubernetes;https    #正则匹配到的默认空间下的service名字是kubernetes,协议是https的endpoint类型保留下来
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
		#重新打标仅抓取到的具有"prometheus.io/scrape: true"的annotation的端点, 意思是说如果某个service具有prometheus.io/scrape = true的annotation声明则抓取,annotation本身也是键值结构, 所以这里的源标签设置为键,而regex设置值true,当值匹配到regex设定的内容时则执行keep动作也就是保留,其余则丢弃。
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
		#重新设置scheme,匹配源标签__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme也就是prometheus.io/scheme annotation,如果源标签的值匹配到regex,则把值替换为__scheme__对应的值。
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
		#应用中自定义暴露的指标,也许你暴露的API接口不是/metrics这个路径,那么你可以在这个POD对应的service中做一个 "prometheus.io/path = /mymetrics" 声明,上面的意思就是把你声明的这个路径赋值给__metrics_path__, 其实就是让prometheus来获取自定义应用暴露的metrices的具体路径, 不过这里写的要和service中做好约定,如果service中这样写 prometheus.io/app-metrics-path: '/metrics' 那么你这里就要__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_app_metrics_path这样写。
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        #暴露自定义的应用的端口,就是把地址和你在service中定义的 "prometheus.io/port = <port>" 声明做一个拼接, 然后赋值给__address__,这样prometheus就能获取自定义应用的端口,然后通过这个端口再结合__metrics_path__来获取指标,如果__metrics_path__值不是默认的/metrics那么就要使用上面的标签替换来获取真正暴露的具体路径。
      - action: labelmap        #保留下面匹配到的标签
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace        #替换__meta_kubernetes_namespace变成kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml

(3)通过 deployment 部署 prometheus

#将 prometheus 调度到 node1 节点,在 node1 节点创建 prometheus 数据存储目录

mkdir /data && chmod 777 /data

#通过 deployment 部署 prometheus

vim prometheus-deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
      component: server
    #matchExpressions:
    #- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}
    #- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
        component: server
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
    spec:
      nodeName: node01              #指定pod调度到哪个节点上	
      serviceAccountName: monitor
      containers:
      - name: prometheus
        image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
          - prometheus
          - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus        #数据存储目录
          - --storage.tsdb.retention=720h          #数据保存时长
          - --web.enable-lifecycle                 #开启热加载
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          name: prometheus-config
          subPath: prometheus.yml
        - mountPath: /prometheus/
          name: prometheus-storage-volume
      volumes:
        - name: prometheus-config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-config
            items:
              - key: prometheus.yml
                path: prometheus.yml
                mode: 0644
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          hostPath:
           path: /data
           type: Directory

kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml

kubectl get pods -o wide -n monitor-sa 

(4)给 prometheus pod 创建一个 service

vim prometheus-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: 9090
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 31000
  selector:
    app: prometheus
    component: server
kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml

kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa
NAME         TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
prometheus   NodePort   10.107.188.51   <none>        9090:31000/TCP   86s

#通过上面可以看到 service 在 node 节点上映射的端口是 31000,这样我们访问 k8s 集群的 node 节点的 ip:31000,就可以访问到 prometheus 的 web ui 界面了。
浏览器访问 http://192.168.10.20:31000

#点击页面的Status->Targets,如看到所有 Target 状态都为 UP,说明我们配置的服务发现可以正常采集数据

#查询 K8S 集群中一分钟之内每个 Pod 的 CPU 使用率

sum by (name)( rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{image!="", name!=""}[1m] ) )

Prometheus 配置热加载

###为了每次修改配置文件可以热加载prometheus,也就是不停止prometheus,就可以使配置生效,想要使配置生效可用如下热加载命令:

kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide -l app=prometheus
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
prometheus-server-75fb7f8fc6-8vxwj   1/1     Running   0          18h   10.244.1.3   node01   <none>           <none>

#想要使配置生效可用如下命令热加载

curl -X POST -Ls http://10.244.1.3:9090/-/reload 

#查看 log

kubectl logs -n monitor-sa prometheus-server-75fb7f8fc6-8vxwj | grep "Loading configuration file" 

###一般热加载速度比较慢,可以暴力重启prometheus,如修改上面的 prometheus-cfg.yaml 文件之后,可用如下命令:
#可执行先强制删除,然后再通过 apply 更新

kubectl delete -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl delete -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml

注意:线上环境最好使用热加载,暴力删除可能造成监控数据的丢失

Grafana 安装

vim grafana.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      task: monitoring
      k8s-app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana:5.0.4
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
          name: ca-certificates
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /var
          name: grafana-storage
        env:
        - name: INFLUXDB_HOST
          value: monitoring-influxdb
        - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
          value: "3000"
          # The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
          # the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
          # removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
          # service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
        - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
          value: "false"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
          value: "true"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          value: Admin
        - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
          # If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
          # value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
          value: /
      volumes:
      - name: ca-certificates
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/ssl/certs
      - name: grafana-storage
        emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    # For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
    # If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
    kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  # In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
  # or through a public IP.
  # type: LoadBalancer
  # You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
  # type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    k8s-app: grafana
  type: NodePort
kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l task=monitoring -o wide

kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep grafana  
monitoring-grafana   NodePort    10.96.53.95   <none>        80:32087/TCP             26s 

Grafana 配置 

(1)浏览器访问http://192.168.10.21:32087 ,登陆 grafana

(2)开始配置 grafana 的 web 界面:选择 Add data source
【Name】设置成 Prometheus
【Type】选择  Prometheus
【URL】设置成 http://prometheus.monitor-sa.svc:9090        #使用service的集群内部端口配置服务端地址
点击 【Save & Test】

(3)导入监控模板
官方链接搜索:

https://grafana.com/dashboards?dataSource=prometheus&search=kubernetes

(4)监控 node 状态
点击左侧+号选择【Import】
点击【Upload .json File】导入 node_exporter.json 模板
【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus
点击【Import】

(5)监控 容器 状态
点击左侧+号选择【Import】
点击【Upload .json File】导入 docker_rev1.json 模板
【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus
点击【Import】

k8s 部署 kube-state-metrics 组件

(1)安装 kube-state-metrics 组件

#创建 sa,并对 sa 授权

vim kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes", "pods", "services", "resourcequotas", "replicationcontrollers", "limitranges", "persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes", "namespaces", "endpoints"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
  resources: ["daemonsets", "deployments", "replicasets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
  resources: ["statefulsets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
  resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
  resources: ["horizontalpodautoscalers"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml

k8s 部署 kube-state-metrics 组件

专门查看监控状态的

#安装 kube-state-metrics 组件和 service

vim kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kube-state-metrics
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kube-state-metrics
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
      containers:
      - name: kube-state-metrics
        image: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
  ports:
  - name: kube-state-metrics
    port: 8080
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: kube-state-metrics
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deploy_svc.yaml

kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system -l app=kube-state-metrics

(2)Grafana 配置

#监控 k8s 群集状态
点击左侧+号选择【Import】
点击【Upload .json File】导入 kubernetes-cluster-prometheus_rev4.json 模板
【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus
点击【Import】

#监控 k8s 群集性能状态
点击左侧+号选择【Import】
点击【Upload .json File】导入 kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus_rev3.json 模板
【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus
点击【Import】

kubernetes 配置 alertmanager 发送报警到邮箱

Prometheus报警处理流程

1)Prometheus Server 监控目标主机上暴露的 http接口(假设接口A),通过Promethes配置的'scrape_interval' 定义的时间间隔, 定期采集目标主机上监控数据。

2)当接口A不可用的时候,Server 端会持续的尝试从接口中取数据,直到 "scrape_timeout" 时间后停止尝试。 这时候把接口的状态变为 "DOWN"。

3)Prometheus 同时根据配置的 evaluation_interval 的时间间隔,定期(默认1min)的对 Alert Rule 进行评估; 当到达评估周期的时候,发现接口A为 DOWN,即 UP=0 为真,激活 Alert,进入 PENDING 状态,并记录当前 active 的时间;

4)当下一个 alert rule 的评估周期到来的时候,发现 UP=0 继续为真,然后判断警报 Active 的时间是否已经超出 rule 里的 for 持续时间,如果未超出,则进入下一个评估周期;如果时间超出,则 alert 的状态变为 FIRING;同时调用 Alertmanager 接口, 发送相关报警数据。

5)AlertManager 收到报警数据后,会将警报信息进行分组,然后根据 alertmanager 配置的 group_wait 时间先进行等待。等 wait 时间过后再发送报警信息。

6)属于同一个 Alert Group的警报,在等待的过程中可能进入新的 alert,如果之前的报警已经成功发出,那么间隔 group_interval 的时间间隔后再重新发送报警信息。比如配置的是邮件报警,那么同属一个 group 的报警信息会汇总在一个邮件里进行发送。

7)如果 Alert Group里的警报一直没发生变化并且已经成功发送,等待 repeat_interval 时间间隔之后再重复发送相同的报警邮件; 如果之前的警报没有成功发送,则相当于触发第6条条件,则需要等待 group_interval 时间间隔后重复发送。

8)同时最后至于警报信息具体发给谁,满足什么样的条件下指定警报接收人,设置不同报警发送频率,这里使用 alertmanager 的 route 路由规则进行配置。

Prometheus 及 Alertmanager 配置

(1)创建 alertmanager 配置文件

vim alertmanager-cm.yaml
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: monitor-sa
data:
  alertmanager.yml: |-
    global:                    #设置发件人邮箱信息
      resolve_timeout: 1m
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:25'
      smtp_from: '124481457@qq.com'
      smtp_auth_username: '124481457@qq.com'
      smtp_auth_password: 'yoevnefvknmqbjia'    #此处为授权码,登录QQ邮箱【设置】->【账户】中的【生成授权码】获取
      smtp_require_tls: false
    route:                        #用于设置告警的分发策略
      group_by: [alertname]         #采用哪个标签来作为分组依据
      group_wait: 10s               #组告警等待时间。也就是告警产生后等待10s,如果有同组告警一起发出
      group_interval: 10s           #上下两组发送告警的间隔时间
      repeat_interval: 10m          #重复发送告警的时间,减少相同邮件的发送频率,默认是1h
      receiver: default-receiver    #定义谁来收告警
    receivers:                    #设置收件人邮箱信息
    - name: 'default-receiver'
      email_configs:
      - to: '960027936@139.com'    #设置收件人邮箱地址
        send_resolved: true
kubectl apply -f alertmanager-cm.yaml

(2)创建 prometheus 和告警规则配置文件

#上传 prometheus-alertmanager-cfg.yaml 文件

#删除之前的配置,更新配置

kubectl delete -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-alertmanager-cfg.yaml

kubectl get cm -n monitor-sa 
alertmanager        1      2m29s
kube-root-ca.crt    1      14h
prometheus-config   2      29s

(3)安装 prometheus 和 alertmanager

#生成一个 secret 资源 etcd-certs,这个在部署 prometheus 需要,用于监控 etcd 相关资源

kubectl -n monitor-sa create secret generic etcd-certs --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key  --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt

#更新资源清单 yaml 文件,安装 prometheus 和 alertmanager

vim prometheus-alertmanager-deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
      component: server
    #matchExpressions:
    #- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}
    #- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
        component: server
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
    spec:
      nodeName: node01
      serviceAccountName: monitor
      containers:
      - name: prometheus
        image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        - "--web.enable-lifecycle"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/prometheus
          name: prometheus-config
        - mountPath: /prometheus/
          name: prometheus-storage-volume
        - name: k8s-certs
          mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/
        - name: localtime
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
      - name: alertmanager
        image: prom/alertmanager:v0.14.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml"
        - "--log.level=debug"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9093
          protocol: TCP
          name: alertmanager
        volumeMounts:
        - name: alertmanager-config
          mountPath: /etc/alertmanager
        - name: alertmanager-storage
          mountPath: /alertmanager
        - name: localtime
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
      volumes:
        - name: prometheus-config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-config
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          hostPath:
           path: /data
           type: Directory
        - name: k8s-certs
          secret:
           secretName: etcd-certs
        - name: alertmanager-config
          configMap:
            name: alertmanager
        - name: alertmanager-storage
          hostPath:
           path: /data/alertmanager
           type: DirectoryOrCreate
        - name: localtime
          hostPath:
           path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
kubectl delete -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-alertmanager-deploy.yaml

kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa | grep prometheus

(4)部署 alertmanager 的 service,方便在浏览器访问

vim alertmanager-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: monitor-sa
spec:
  ports:
  - name: alertmanager
    nodePort: 30066
    port: 9093
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9093
  selector:
    app: prometheus
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: NodePort
kubectl apply -f alertmanager-svc.yaml

#查看 service 在物理机映射的端口

kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa
NAME           TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
alertmanager   NodePort   10.105.125.219   <none>        9093:30066/TCP   38s
prometheus     NodePort   10.107.188.51    <none>        9090:31000/TCP   23h

#此时可以看到 prometheus 的 service 在物理机映射的端口是 31000,alertmanager 的 service 在物理机映射的端口是 30066

浏览器访问 http://192.168.10.20:30066/#/alerts ,登陆 alertmanager

查看接收到的邮件报警,可以发现与 alertmanager 显示的告警一致

浏览器访问 http://192.168.10.20:31000 ,点击页面的 Status->Targets,查看 prometheus 的 targets

//处理 kube-proxy 监控告警

kubectl edit configmap kube-proxy -n kube-system
......
metricsBindAddress: "0.0.0.0:10249"
#因为 kube-proxy 默认端口10249是监听在 127.0.0.1 上的,需要改成监听到物理节点上

10249 kube-proxy的外置监控端口 

#重新启动 kube-proxy

kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep kube-proxy |awk '{print $1}' | xargs kubectl delete pods -n kube-system

ss  -antulp |grep :10249
tcp    LISTEN     0      128      :::10249                :::*                   users:(("kube-proxy",pid=55675,fd=15))

#alert 查看

点击 prometheus 页面的 Alerts,点开一个告警项,FIRING 表示 prometheus 已经将告警发给 alertmanager,在 Alertmanager 中可以看到有一个 alert。登录到 浏览器访问 http://192.168.10.20:30066/#/alerts ,登陆 alertmanager 即可看到。

简历+话术答案

什么是迁移,迁移要怎么做?

你在公司管理多少台机器?
有多少台win,有多少台linux机器?

面试问到监控,回答:这边prometheus监控用的少,我主要负责k8s这边

主要记住一些组件,还有工作流程

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