USACO Training Section 1.1 Friday the Thirteenth 解题报告&AC代码

解题报告：


这道题我用了很中规中矩的模拟，分别枚举每一年、月、日的星期（即判断每一天是星期几），判定13日。
因为每一年的日期是确定的数，并且年数≤400，就算用最笨的枚举也不过是o(n)的时间复杂度，何苦构思更高效的算法呢？

AC代码：

/*
ID : yuanmz91
PROG : friday
LANG : C++
*/
#include <fstream>
#include <memory.h>
using namespace std;
const int DAYS[2][13] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31,
						0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
bool IsLeap(int);  //判断是否闰年
int main()
{
	ifstream fin("friday.in");
	ofstream fout("friday.out");
	int i, j, k;
	int n;
	int date = 0, ans[7];  //这里方便起见，星期我们用周0~周6（可以节省一个int的内存开销）
	memset(ans, 0, sizeof(ans));
	fin >> n;
	for(i = 0; i != n; ++i)  //年
	{
		bool leap = IsLeap(i + 1900);
		for(j = 1; j != 13; ++j)  //月
		{
			for(k = 0; k != DAYS[leap][j]; ++k)  //日
			{
				date++;
				if(date == 7)
				{
					date = 0;
				}  //星期周期归零
				if(k == 12)
				{
					ans[date]++;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	fout << ans[6];
	for(i = 0; i != 6; ++i)
	{
		fout << " " <<ans[i];
	}
	fout << endl;  //输出
	return 0;
}
bool IsLeap(int x)
{
	if(x % 4 != 0) return false;
	if(x % 400 == 0) return true;
	if(x % 100 == 0) return false;
	return true;
}

最后，附上英文原题和NOCOW的翻译吧：


Friday the Thirteenth
Is Friday the 13th really an unusual event?
That is, does the 13th of the month land on a Friday less often than on any other day of the week? To answer this question, write a program that will compute the frequency that the 13th of each month lands on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday over a given period of N years. The time period to test will be from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 1900+N-1 for a given number of years, N. N is non-negative and will not exceed 400.
There are few facts you need to know before you can solve this problem:
January 1, 1900 was on a Monday.
Thirty days has September, April, June, and November, all the rest have 31 except for February which has 28 except in leap years when it has 29.
Every year evenly divisible by 4 is a leap year (1992 = 4*498 so 1992 will be a leap year, but the year 1990 is not a leap year)
The rule above does not hold for century years. Century years divisible by 400 are leap years, all other are not. Thus, the century years 1700, 1800, 1900 and 2100 are not leap years, but 2000 is a leap year.
Do not use any built-in date functions in your computer language.
Don't just precompute the answers, either, please.
PROGRAM NAME: friday


INPUT FORMAT


One line with the integer N.
SAMPLE INPUT (file friday.in)


20
OUTPUT FORMAT


Seven space separated integers on one line. These integers represent the number of times the 13th falls on Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, ..., Friday.
SAMPLE OUTPUT (file friday.out)


36 33 34 33 35 35 34


13号又是一个星期五。13号在星期五比在其他日子少吗?为了回答这个问题,写一个程序，要求计算每个月的十三号落在周一到周日的次数。给出N年的一个周期，要求计算1900年1月1日至1900+N-1年12月31日中十三号落在周一到周日的次数，N为正整数且不大于400.
这里有一些你要知道的:
1、1900年1月1日是星期一.
2、4,6,11和9月有30天.其他月份除了2月都有31天.闰年2月有29天,平年2月有28天.
3、年份可以被4整除的为闰年(1992=4*498 所以 1992年是闰年,但是1990年不是闰年).
4、以上规则不适合于世纪年。可以被400整除的世纪年为闰年,否则为平年。所以,1700,1800,1900和2100年是平年,而2000年是闰年.


请不要调用现成的函数
请不要预先算好数据（就是叫不准打表）! 


PROGRAM NAME: friday
INPUT FORMAT:
(friday.in)
一个正整数n.
OUTPUT FORMAT:
(friday.out)
七个在一行且相分开的整数,它们代表13日是星期六,星期日,星期一...星期五的次数..