1. Solaris 操作系统
操作系统的版本:Solaris 1.x(sunos4.1.x), Solaris 2.x(sunos 5.x), Solaris 7, Solaris 8
特点: 多用户, 多任务(or 多进程,多线程), 分布式计算(处理)
应用: Client-Server方式中的服务器
o NFS Server,
o Name services Server,
o mail Server,
o Operating system Server,
o Database Server
o Application Server
操作系统的版本:Solaris 1.x(sunos4.1.x), Solaris 2.x(sunos 5.x), Solaris 7, Solaris 8
特点: 多用户, 多任务(or 多进程,多线程), 分布式计算(处理)
应用: Client-Server方式中的服务器
o NFS Server,
o Name services Server,
o mail Server,
o Operating system Server,
o Database Server
o Application Server
2. SUN 服务器体系结构
硬件(Hardware) --> Solaris 系统内核(Kernel)-->指令 Shell-->应用软件(Applications)
o SUN 服务器的体系结构发展(Kernel and Application Architecture):
[1] SPARC-->[2] SuperSPARC-->[3] UltraSPARC-->[4] sun4c,
-->[5] sun4m-->[6] sun4u
o 常见硬件组成
[1] 处理器 CUP,
[2] 内存 Memory,
[3] 系统总线 bus,
[4] 硬盘 disk,
[5] 显示器 monitor,
[6] 键盘 keyboard,
[7] 光驱 cdrom,
[8] 磁带机 tape,
[9] 网卡 net
......
[1] 处理器 CUP,
[2] 内存 Memory,
[3] 系统总线 bus,
[4] 硬盘 disk,
[5] 显示器 monitor,
[6] 键盘 keyboard,
[7] 光驱 cdrom,
[8] 磁带机 tape,
[9] 网卡 net
......
3. Openboot(Prom) 常用命令 及 Solaris 操作系统的安装
Openboot(Prom) 常用命令:
=========================
ok> help (帮助命令)
ok> banner (显示系统hostid, memory, mac addr等nvrom配置信息)
ok> .version (显示prom版本信息)
ok> devalias (系统设备别名)
例如
devalias cdrom1 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e8800000/sd@5,0
ok> nvalias (prom命令/信息别名)
ok> probe-scsi-all (显示所有scsi设备)
ok> printenv (显示prom系统环境变量)
ok> setenv (设置prom系统环境变量)
例如:
setenv auto-boot false
setenv boot-device disk net cdrom
ok> set-defaults (设置prom系统环境变量为缺省值)
ok> reset
=========================
ok> help (帮助命令)
ok> banner (显示系统hostid, memory, mac addr等nvrom配置信息)
ok> .version (显示prom版本信息)
ok> devalias (系统设备别名)
例如
devalias cdrom1 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e8800000/sd@5,0
ok> nvalias (prom命令/信息别名)
ok> probe-scsi-all (显示所有scsi设备)
ok> printenv (显示prom系统环境变量)
ok> setenv (设置prom系统环境变量)
例如:
setenv auto-boot false
setenv boot-device disk net cdrom
ok> set-defaults (设置prom系统环境变量为缺省值)
ok> reset
Solaris 操作系统的安装:
=======================
=======================
o 从光盘启动,并安装操作系统命令:
ok> boot cdrom,
o 终止系统安装/启动:
stop+a--> sync--> reset
o 继续安装/启动
ok> go,
o 安装过程中须提供主要信息
[1]主机名host name,
[2]网络network,ip地址,
[3]网络服务器类型nis+/other/none/standlone,
[4]子网掩码netmask,
[5]时区time zone,
[6]日期/时间date/time
[7]安装方式:升级/初始安装upgrade/initial,
[8]硬盘分区信息
例如:partition:0 /,
1 swap,
2 backup,
3,
4,
5,
6 /usr,
7 /export/home
o Solaris操作系统常见分区功能
[1] / 操作系统根目录
[2] Swap 内存交换区
[3] /usr 存放系统应用软件及命令
[4] /opt 安装用户应用软件
[5] /var 系统信息存放区
[6] /export/home 用户目录区
ok> boot cdrom,
o 终止系统安装/启动:
stop+a--> sync--> reset
o 继续安装/启动
ok> go,
o 安装过程中须提供主要信息
[1]主机名host name,
[2]网络network,ip地址,
[3]网络服务器类型nis+/other/none/standlone,
[4]子网掩码netmask,
[5]时区time zone,
[6]日期/时间date/time
[7]安装方式:升级/初始安装upgrade/initial,
[8]硬盘分区信息
例如:partition:0 /,
1 swap,
2 backup,
3,
4,
5,
6 /usr,
7 /export/home
o Solaris操作系统常见分区功能
[1] / 操作系统根目录
[2] Swap 内存交换区
[3] /usr 存放系统应用软件及命令
[4] /opt 安装用户应用软件
[5] /var 系统信息存放区
[6] /export/home 用户目录区
系统安装信息日志:
=================
/var/sadm/install/contents, install_log
4. 应用软件常用安装/删除命令(add/delete software)
图形工具命令
============
# admintool&
图形工具命令
============
# admintool&
命令行工具
==========
# pkginfo, 例如: # pkginfo | grep ab
# pkgadd, 例如: # pkgadd -d . SUNWsprot SUNWabc
# pkgrm, 例如: # pkgrm SUNWsport SUNWabc
# pkgchk 例如: # pkgchk SUNWsport SUNWabc
5. 补丁管理命令Patch
查看patch: # showrev -p,
安装patch: # ./installpatch .
备份patch: # ./backoutpatch 102972-01
安装patch: # ./installpatch .
备份patch: # ./backoutpatch 102972-01
6. 操作系统启动过程及运行级别
操作系统启动过程
================
[1] prom (系统自检selftest) ,
[2] bootblk, (系统引导盘启动扇区),
[3] ufsboot (/platform/'uname -i'/ufsboot),
[4] kernel (initself, /kernel/genunix, /etc/system),
[5] init (/sbin/init, /etc/inittab, /sbin/rc*.d,
/etc/rc*.d, /etc/init.d)
================
[1] prom (系统自检selftest) ,
[2] bootblk, (系统引导盘启动扇区),
[3] ufsboot (/platform/'uname -i'/ufsboot),
[4] kernel (initself, /kernel/genunix, /etc/system),
[5] init (/sbin/init, /etc/inittab, /sbin/rc*.d,
/etc/rc*.d, /etc/init.d)
操作系统自动配置过程
====================
[1] 内核上载入内存(kernel module are load to memory)
o 静态内核static core:
/kernel/genunix, /platform/.../kernel/unix,
o 动态内核dynamically loaded module:
driver module, streams, ufs module, nfs module
/kernel/,/platform/.../kernel/unix, /usr/kernel
o /etc/system内容:
moddir,
exclude rootdev,
set pt_cnt=100
...............
====================
[1] 内核上载入内存(kernel module are load to memory)
o 静态内核static core:
/kernel/genunix, /platform/.../kernel/unix,
o 动态内核dynamically loaded module:
driver module, streams, ufs module, nfs module
/kernel/,/platform/.../kernel/unix, /usr/kernel
o /etc/system内容:
moddir,
exclude rootdev,
set pt_cnt=100
...............
[2] 设备配置(device configration )
o device tree: /devices, /dev
o /etc/path_to_install
o device tree: /devices, /dev
o /etc/path_to_install
查看操作系统配置
==================
# dmesg,
# printconf,
# sysdef
# /usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag
# /usr/platform/sun43u/sbin/prtdiag
重新配置系统硬件
=================
# touch /reconfigure
# init 0
ok boot -r (重新启动/配置系统硬件)
ok boot -ar
=================
# touch /reconfigure
# init 0
ok boot -r (重新启动/配置系统硬件)
ok boot -ar
在系统运行情况下,如果不想重新启动系统,
安装硬盘/磁带等热插拔硬件,则:
# drvconfig
# devlinks
# disks
# tapes
查看配置情况:
# dmesg
# printconf
# sysdef
安装硬盘/磁带等热插拔硬件,则:
# drvconfig
# devlinks
# disks
# tapes
查看配置情况:
# dmesg
# printconf
# sysdef
操作系统运行级别
==================
系统启动时,进入/etc/inittab中initdefault所定义的运行级别(deafult 3)
各运行级别的定义:
run level:0, (halt, shotdown, stop+a,sync,go )
1, (single user, boot -s, init s )
2, (multiuser, unshare net)
3, (multiuser, deafult)
5, (halt, power off )
6, (reboot to level 3 )
S (init 1, boot -s)
改变系统运行级别命令
====================
# init 0, halt, shotdown, stop+a,sync,go
# init 1, single user, boot -s, init s
# init 2, multiuser, unshare net
# init 3, multiuser, deafult
# init 5, halt, power off
# init 6, reboot to level 3
# init s, init 1, boot -s
# init *,shotdown,halt,poweroff, reboot -- -r, reboot -- -s
====================
# init 0, halt, shotdown, stop+a,sync,go
# init 1, single user, boot -s, init s
# init 2, multiuser, unshare net
# init 3, multiuser, deafult
# init 5, halt, power off
# init 6, reboot to level 3
# init s, init 1, boot -s
# init *,shotdown,halt,poweroff, reboot -- -r, reboot -- -s
ok> boot -s, boot -sra
启动、关闭Solaris 操作系统
==========================
ok> boot -r (一般在安装新设备如硬盘等后,重起机器,重建系统内核)。
ok> boot cdrom - brower (从CDROM启动机器,重新安装系统,界面为浏览器方式)。
==========================
ok> boot -r (一般在安装新设备如硬盘等后,重起机器,重建系统内核)。
ok> boot cdrom - brower (从CDROM启动机器,重新安装系统,界面为浏览器方式)。
# sync (将内存中的内容写入硬盘)。
# halt (或 /etc/init 0) (关闭系统)。
# reboot
# halt (或 /etc/init 0) (关闭系统)。
# reboot
7. 操作系统启动/关闭时运行的脚本命令
Solaris操作系统会在系统启动或关闭时自动运行脚本命令
例如: 有一个启动/关闭数据库的命令脚本/etc/init.d/rdbms,
想在系统启动/停止时自动启动/关闭数据库:
# vi /etc/init.d/rdbms
# cd /etc/init3.d
# ln /etc/init.d/rdbms S22rdbms (在系统启动时,运行命令脚本)
# cd /etc/init0.d
# ln /etc/init.d/rdbms K8822rdbms (在系统关闭时,运行命令脚本)
也可手动执行:
# /etc/init.d/rdbms stop
# /etc/init.d/rdbms start
要定时运行一个程序
====================
在/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root中加入
分_时_日_月_年 /运用程序
8. 硬盘分区及格式化(disk partition and format )
# foramt (可显示硬盘类型, 大小, 分区情况. 可重新分区, 格式化等)
0 >partition>p>0>1>3>4>5>6>7>print>label>format>quit>quit
0 root wm 0 - 3514 3.62GB (3515/0/0) 7592400
1 swap wu 3515 - 3757 256.29MB (243/0/0) 524880
2 backup wm 0 - 3879 4.00GB (3880/0/0) 8380800
3 unassigned wm 3758 - 3879 128.67MB (122/0/0) 263520
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
#foramt
1>type
<SUN4.2G cyl 3880 alt 2 hd 16 sec 135>
>partition>print>0
root wm 0 1940c
>7
root wm 0 1940c
>p
0 root wm 0 -1939 2.00GB (1940/0/0) 4190400
2 backup wm 0 - 3879 4.00GB (3880/0/0) 8380800
7 home wm 1940-3879 2.00GB (1940/0/0) 4190400
>label>quit>quit
1>type
<SUN4.2G cyl 3880 alt 2 hd 16 sec 135>
>partition>print>0
root wm 0 1940c
>7
root wm 0 1940c
>p
0 root wm 0 -1939 2.00GB (1940/0/0) 4190400
2 backup wm 0 - 3879 4.00GB (3880/0/0) 8380800
7 home wm 1940-3879 2.00GB (1940/0/0) 4190400
>label>quit>quit
9. Solaris 文件系统管理(unix file system )
常见文件系统类型
================
[1]ufs,
[2]hsfs,
[3]pcfs,
[4]vxfs
....
设备名描述(硬盘)
==================
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0,(裸设备/字符设备raw disk)
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0,(逻辑设备/块设备logicl disk , block device)
================
[1]ufs,
[2]hsfs,
[3]pcfs,
[4]vxfs
....
设备名描述(硬盘)
==================
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0,(裸设备/字符设备raw disk)
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0,(逻辑设备/块设备logicl disk , block device)
存储设备上建立文件系统
======================
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s7
======================
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s7
系统文件系统记录
=================
# vi /etc/vfstab
fd - /dev/fd fd - no -
/proc - /proc proc - no -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 - - swap - no -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 / ufs 1 no -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s3 /cache ufs 2 yes -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7 /export/home ufs 2 yes -
/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s7 /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s7 /export/home1 ufs 2 yes -
swap - /tmp tmpfs - yes -
=================
# vi /etc/vfstab
fd - /dev/fd fd - no -
/proc - /proc proc - no -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 - - swap - no -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 / ufs 1 no -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s3 /cache ufs 2 yes -
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7 /export/home ufs 2 yes -
/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s7 /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s7 /export/home1 ufs 2 yes -
swap - /tmp tmpfs - yes -
常用文件系统的操作命令
======================
示例:
# umount /export/home1
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s7 /export/home1
# umount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s7
# mount -F pcfs /dev/diskette /floppy (mount 软盘)
# mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0s0 /cdrom (mount 光驱)
# mountall -l
# umountall -l
# volcheck
# fdformat (软盘格式化)
# eject cdrom (弹出光驱)
# eject floppy (弹出软盘)
======================
示例:
# umount /export/home1
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s7 /export/home1
# umount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s7
# mount -F pcfs /dev/diskette /floppy (mount 软盘)
# mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/rdsk/c0t6d0s0 /cdrom (mount 光驱)
# mountall -l
# umountall -l
# volcheck
# fdformat (软盘格式化)
# eject cdrom (弹出光驱)
# eject floppy (弹出软盘)
Swap区文件系统的管理
====================
# swap -l,-a,-d,-s
增加Swap区示例
# mkfile 20m /export/home1/swap
# swap -a /export/home1/swap
# swap -l
# swap -d /export/home1/swap
# vi /etc/vfstab
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 - - swap - no -
/export/home1/swap - - swap - no -
swap - /tmp tmpfs - yes -
文件系统的维护/管理(maintain file system )
[1] fsck,sync,fslush deamon( 30 second)
stop+a
sync
[2] # umount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7
# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7
# fsck /export/home
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7 /export/home
# ls /export/home/lost+found
[1] fsck,sync,fslush deamon( 30 second)
stop+a
sync
[2] # umount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7
# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7
# fsck /export/home
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7 /export/home
# ls /export/home/lost+found
10. 系统备份/恢复(backup and restore )
系统备份级别
============
[1] 共10级 level,
[2] 0 级为全备份full,
[3] 2-9 级为增量备份inc,
[4] /etc/dumpdates,
备份设备一般为磁带
==================
[1]tape,
[2]设备名 /dev/rmt/0lbn (l,m,h density; b BSD behavior, n no rewind)
==================
[1]tape,
[2]设备名 /dev/rmt/0lbn (l,m,h density; b BSD behavior, n no rewind)
系统系统备份/恢复命令
=====================
[1] ufsdump,
[2] ufsrestore,
例如:
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home
# cd /var/tmp
# ufsrestore tvf /dev/rmt/0
# ufsrestore xvf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home
=====================
[1] ufsdump,
[2] ufsrestore,
例如:
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home
# cd /var/tmp
# ufsrestore tvf /dev/rmt/0
# ufsrestore xvf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home
恢复系统根目录操作举例(restore / file system )
ok> boot cdrom -s
系统启动后,不进行安装,打开一个命令窗口:
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0 /a
# cd /a
# ufsdump rvf /dev/rmt/0
# rm restoresymtable
# cd /usr/platform/'uname -i'/libfs/ufs
# installboot bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
# umount /a
# init 6
ok> boot cdrom -s
系统启动后,不进行安装,打开一个命令窗口:
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0 /a
# cd /a
# ufsdump rvf /dev/rmt/0
# rm restoresymtable
# cd /usr/platform/'uname -i'/libfs/ufs
# installboot bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
# umount /a
# init 6
常用备份/恢复命令(dditional backup command )
============================================
[1] mt,
[2] tar,
[3] dd,
[4] cpio
============================================
[1] mt,
[2] tar,
[3] dd,
[4] cpio
软盘操作
===========
# volcheck
# fdformat -U (unix格式化软盘), fdformat -d (dos 系统格式化)
# newfs /vol/dev/aliases/floppy0(在软盘上建UFS文件系统)
# mount -t pcfs /dev/fd0 /pcfs
# eject floppy
===========
# volcheck
# fdformat -U (unix格式化软盘), fdformat -d (dos 系统格式化)
# newfs /vol/dev/aliases/floppy0(在软盘上建UFS文件系统)
# mount -t pcfs /dev/fd0 /pcfs
# eject floppy
光驱操作
=========
# mount -F hsfs /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0 /mnt/cdrom
# fuser -k /mnt/cdrom
# eject
=========
# mount -F hsfs /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0 /mnt/cdrom
# fuser -k /mnt/cdrom
# eject
磁带机操作
============
# mt -f /dev/rmt/0 rew (到带)
# mt -f /dev/rmt/0n status{eof | rewind | erase | offline | bsf n | fsf n}
(0n 表示磁带操作完后不到带,
status 表示查看磁带状态,
eof 表示到磁带最后一个文件,
rewind 表示到带到磁带最前,
erase 摸掉,
offline 弹出磁带,
bsf n 磁带往回退n个文件,
fsf n 磁带往前n个文件)
# tar xvf /dev/rmt/0
(从磁带到硬盘,解开归档文件)
# tar tvf /dev/rmt/0
(查看磁带内容,查看归档文件内容)
# tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 文件系统
(将文件系统考入磁带,将多个文件、目录建成归档文件)
============
# mt -f /dev/rmt/0 rew (到带)
# mt -f /dev/rmt/0n status{eof | rewind | erase | offline | bsf n | fsf n}
(0n 表示磁带操作完后不到带,
status 表示查看磁带状态,
eof 表示到磁带最后一个文件,
rewind 表示到带到磁带最前,
erase 摸掉,
offline 弹出磁带,
bsf n 磁带往回退n个文件,
fsf n 磁带往前n个文件)
# tar xvf /dev/rmt/0
(从磁带到硬盘,解开归档文件)
# tar tvf /dev/rmt/0
(查看磁带内容,查看归档文件内容)
# tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 文件系统
(将文件系统考入磁带,将多个文件、目录建成归档文件)
11. 网络管理(network)
相关配置文件
=============
[1] /etc/nodename
[2] /etc/hosts
[3] /etc/hostname.hme0
(qe0, le0, hme1, hme2, ..., hme0:1, hme0:2, ... )
[4] /etc/netmasks
[5] /etc/networks
[6] /etc/defaultrouter
[7] /etc/notrouter
[8] /etc/inetd.conf
[9] /etc/rpc
[10] /etc/services
=============
[1] /etc/nodename
[2] /etc/hosts
[3] /etc/hostname.hme0
(qe0, le0, hme1, hme2, ..., hme0:1, hme0:2, ... )
[4] /etc/netmasks
[5] /etc/networks
[6] /etc/defaultrouter
[7] /etc/notrouter
[8] /etc/inetd.conf
[9] /etc/rpc
[10] /etc/services
相关进程deamon:
================
[1] in.tcpipd
[2] in.routed
[3] in.rdisc
......
================
[1] in.tcpipd
[2] in.routed
[3] in.rdisc
......
常用网络管理命令command:
========================
[1] ifconfig -a
[2] netstat -rn
[3] snoop -d hme0
[4] route
[5] arp -a
[6] /usr/sbin/ping
[7] /usr/bin/telnet
[8] /usr/bin/rlogin
[9] /usr/bin/ftp
[10] /usr/openwin/bin/xhost
配制网络端口
============
# ifconfig
示例:
# ifconfig qe0 inet 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 plumb
# ifconfig qe0 inet 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 up
# ifconfig qe0 inet 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 down
修改路由表
============
# netstat -r
# route add net 10.10.10.0 10.10.10.1 1
# route add default 10.10.10.1 1
============
# netstat -r
# route add net 10.10.10.0 10.10.10.1 1
# route add default 10.10.10.1 1
o 增加静态路由:
# vi /etc/defaultrouter
10.10.10.1 i1
# sync;sync;reboot
# vi /etc/defaultrouter
10.10.10.1 i1
# sync;sync;reboot
o 查看路由进程
# ps -ef |grep routed
# ps -ef |grep routed
重新关闭/启动tcp/ip协议进程
=============================
#sh /etc/init.d/inetinit stop
#sh /etc/init.d/inetinit start
=============================
#sh /etc/init.d/inetinit stop
#sh /etc/init.d/inetinit start
12. 路由服务器:
系统有两个/或两个以上的网口,可作为路由器或防火墙
禁止两个网口间路由ip
====================
# cd /etc
# touch notrouter
# sync
# sync
# reboot
查看路由进程
=============
# ps -ef |grep routed
# ps -ef |grep in.rdisc
禁止两个网口间路由ip
====================
# cd /etc
# touch notrouter
# sync
# sync
# reboot
查看路由进程
=============
# ps -ef |grep routed
# ps -ef |grep in.rdisc
13. 域名服务器(dns)
相应配置文件
============
[1] /etc/named.boot
[2] /etc/named.conf (only for solaris 2.7)
[3] /var/named/db.*;
[4] /etc/nsswitch.conf
[5] /etc/resolv.conf
============
[1] /etc/named.boot
[2] /etc/named.conf (only for solaris 2.7)
[3] /var/named/db.*;
[4] /etc/nsswitch.conf
[5] /etc/resolv.conf
相应系统进程
============
[1] in.named;
[2] bind
============
[1] in.named;
[2] bind
相关命令
========
[1] /etc/init.d/inetsvc;
# /etc/init.d/inetsvc stop
# /etc/init.d/inetsvc start
========
[1] /etc/init.d/inetsvc;
# /etc/init.d/inetsvc stop
# /etc/init.d/inetsvc start
[2] nslookup
域名服务client端配置示例
========================
# vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
hosts: files dns
hosts: files dns
# vi /etc/resolv.conf
domain leadcom.com
search leadcom.com
nameserver 192.168.0.100
domain leadcom.com
search leadcom.com
nameserver 192.168.0.100
# nslookup
14. NIS 服务器
相应配置文件
============
[1] /var/yp,
[2] /var/yp/Makefile
[3] /etc/defaultdomain
[4] /etc/nsswitch.conf
[5] /etc/hosts,
[6] /etc/networks, ...
相应系统进程
============
[1] ypserv;
[2] ypbind
============
[1] ypserv;
[2] ypbind
相关命令
========
[1] domainname
[2] /etc/init.d/rpc (start/stop ypserv,ypbind)
[3] ypinit -m; ypinit -c
[4] yppush;
[5] ypcat
========
[1] domainname
[2] /etc/init.d/rpc (start/stop ypserv,ypbind)
[3] ypinit -m; ypinit -c
[4] yppush;
[5] ypcat
NIS 配置示例
========================
# vi /etc/defaultdomain
YP.sun.com
# domainname YP.sun.com
# cd /var/yp
# cp /etc/nsswitch.nis /etc/nsswitch.conf
# cd /var/yp
# cp /etc/nsswitch.nis /etc/nsswitch.conf
# vi Makefile
#B=-b nis no dns
B=
B=-b nis also dns
#B=
# vi resolv.conf
# /usr/ccs/bin/make
# ypinit -m
# /usr/ccs/bin/make
# ypinit -m
# /etc/init.d/rpc start
# yppush
# ypcat hosts
# ypinit -c
client端配置
============
# vi /etc/defaultdomain
YP.sun.com
# domainname YP.sun.com
# cp /etc/nsswitch.nis /etc/nsswitch.conf
# ypinit -c
============
# vi /etc/defaultdomain
YP.sun.com
# domainname YP.sun.com
# cp /etc/nsswitch.nis /etc/nsswitch.conf
# ypinit -c
# /etc/init.d/rpc start
# ypcat hosts
# ypcat hosts
15. NFS 文件系统(nfs file system )
相应配置文件
============
[1] /etc/dfs/dfstab;(nfs server)
例如:
# vi /etc/dfs/dfstab
share -F nfs -o rw=engineering -d "home dirs" /export/home
share -F nfs -o ro -d "app dirs" /export/app
share -F nfs -o ro -d "man dirs" /usr/share/man
============
[1] /etc/dfs/dfstab;(nfs server)
例如:
# vi /etc/dfs/dfstab
share -F nfs -o rw=engineering -d "home dirs" /export/home
share -F nfs -o ro -d "app dirs" /export/app
share -F nfs -o ro -d "man dirs" /usr/share/man
[2] /etc/vfstab;(nfs client)
# vi /etc/vfstab
i2:/export/home - /export/home nfs - yes soft,bg
i2:/export/app - /export/app nfs - yes soft,bg
i2:/usr/share/man - /usr/share/man nfs - yes soft,bg
rw|ro,bg|fg, soft|hard, intr|nointr,suid|nosuid, timeo=n
default=11x.1sec, retry=n 1k.
i2:/export/home - /export/home nfs - yes soft,bg
i2:/export/app - /export/app nfs - yes soft,bg
i2:/usr/share/man - /usr/share/man nfs - yes soft,bg
rw|ro,bg|fg, soft|hard, intr|nointr,suid|nosuid, timeo=n
default=11x.1sec, retry=n 1k.
相应系统进程
============
[1] mountd
[2] nfsd
[3] statd
[4] lockd
相关命令
========
[1] share,
例如:
# share -F nfs /export/home
# share -F nfs -o ro /usr/share/man
[2] unshare,
[3] shareall,
[4] unshareall;
[5] mount
例如:
# mount nfsserver:/export/home /export/home
# mount nfsserver:/export/app /export/app
# mount nfsserver:/usr/share/man /usr/share/man
[6] umount,
[7] mountall,
[8] umountall,
[9] dfshares host,
[10] dfmounts
[11] /etc/init.d/nfs.server; /etc/init.d/nfs.client
例如:
# /etc/init.d/nfs.server start
========
[1] share,
例如:
# share -F nfs /export/home
# share -F nfs -o ro /usr/share/man
[2] unshare,
[3] shareall,
[4] unshareall;
[5] mount
例如:
# mount nfsserver:/export/home /export/home
# mount nfsserver:/export/app /export/app
# mount nfsserver:/usr/share/man /usr/share/man
[6] umount,
[7] mountall,
[8] umountall,
[9] dfshares host,
[10] dfmounts
[11] /etc/init.d/nfs.server; /etc/init.d/nfs.client
例如:
# /etc/init.d/nfs.server start
16. 并行打印机管理(Parallel Port Printer )
并行打印机driver
================
/dev/bpp0-> /devices/.../...:bpp0 (打印server: i2)
/dev/ecpp0->/devices/.../...:ecpp0 (打印client: i1)
================
/dev/bpp0-> /devices/.../...:bpp0 (打印server: i2)
/dev/ecpp0->/devices/.../...:ecpp0 (打印client: i1)
图形管理工具
=============
# admintool &
=============
# admintool &
Menu:Browse-->printers
Menu:Edit-->add-->Local Printer...
Printer Name: bpp0
Print Server: i2
Description: bpp on i2
Print Port: /dev/bpp0
Printer Type: PostScript
File Content: PostScript
Fault Notification: None
Option: Accept Print Requests, Process Print Requests
User Access List: all
press OK
Menu:Edit-->add-->Local Printer...
Printer Name: bpp0
Print Server: i2
Description: bpp on i2
Print Port: /dev/bpp0
Printer Type: PostScript
File Content: PostScript
Fault Notification: None
Option: Accept Print Requests, Process Print Requests
User Access List: all
press OK
# admintool &
Menu:Browse-->printers
Menu:Edit-->add-->Access to Printer...
Print Client: i1
Printer Name: bpp0
Print Server: i2
Description: bpp0 on i2
Option: Default Printer
Press OK
Menu:Edit-->add-->Access to Printer...
Print Client: i1
Printer Name: bpp0
Print Server: i2
Description: bpp0 on i2
Option: Default Printer
Press OK
# xetops
convert chinese text file to PostScript file
convert chinese text file to PostScript file
17. 用户管理user account
图形管理工具
=============
# admintool &
=============
# admintool &
相关文件
========
[1] /etc/passwd
例如:
# vi /etc/passwd
max::1001:10:max li:/home/max:/bin/csh
frank::1002:10:frank lau:/export/home/frank:/sbin/sh
[2] /etc/shaddow
[3] /etc/group
[4] /export/home/user
[5] .cshrc
C shell
# vi .cshrc
umask 022
set path = ( /bin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /usr/ucb /
/usr/lib /etc/init.d /
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp /usr/lib/nis /
/usr/ccs/bin /
/usr/openwin/bin )
setenv TERM sun-cmd
setenv EDITOR /usr/bin/vi
# source .cshrc
# setenv PATH "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/ucb/bin"
[6] .login
[7] .profile
B shell
# vi .profile
umask 022
PATH=/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/lib:/etc/init.d:
PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/netsvc/yp:/usr/lib/nis:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/openwin/bin
TERM=vt100
DISPLAY=i2:0.0
export PATH TERM DISPLAY
#. /.profile
#set
========
[1] /etc/passwd
例如:
# vi /etc/passwd
max::1001:10:max li:/home/max:/bin/csh
frank::1002:10:frank lau:/export/home/frank:/sbin/sh
[2] /etc/shaddow
[3] /etc/group
[4] /export/home/user
[5] .cshrc
C shell
# vi .cshrc
umask 022
set path = ( /bin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /usr/ucb /
/usr/lib /etc/init.d /
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp /usr/lib/nis /
/usr/ccs/bin /
/usr/openwin/bin )
setenv TERM sun-cmd
setenv EDITOR /usr/bin/vi
# source .cshrc
# setenv PATH "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/ucb/bin"
[6] .login
[7] .profile
B shell
# vi .profile
umask 022
PATH=/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/lib:/etc/init.d:
PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/netsvc/yp:/usr/lib/nis:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/openwin/bin
TERM=vt100
DISPLAY=i2:0.0
export PATH TERM DISPLAY
#. /.profile
#set
[8] .Xdefaults
[9] .dt
[9] .dt
用户管理常用命令
=================
[1] chmod
例如:
#chmod -R 755 /export/home/frank
=================
[1] chmod
例如:
#chmod -R 755 /export/home/frank
[2] chown
例如:
#chown -R frank:staff /export/home/frank
例如:
#chown -R frank:staff /export/home/frank
[3] chgrp
18. 常用UNIX命令集锦(Commonly used UNIX commands )
[1] cat
[2] ls -al
[3] cd
[4] pwd
[5] mv
[6] cp
[7] rm -r
[8] rmdir
[9] mkdir
[10] find (find /etc -name host )
[11] lp
[12] set; setenv; export;
[13] df -k
[14] du -k (du .)
[15] grep (ps -ef|grep root)
[16] ps -ef
[17] kill id (kill -9 pid)
[18] du
[19] ln
[20] man( man -k keyword)
[21] catman
[2] ls -al
[3] cd
[4] pwd
[5] mv
[6] cp
[7] rm -r
[8] rmdir
[9] mkdir
[10] find (find /etc -name host )
[11] lp
[12] set; setenv; export;
[13] df -k
[14] du -k (du .)
[15] grep (ps -ef|grep root)
[16] ps -ef
[17] kill id (kill -9 pid)
[18] du
[19] ln
[20] man( man -k keyword)
[21] catman
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
问与答:
Area 1. System Administration
Q.1 Describe the three Phrases of the Open Boot Prom?
A.:
boot strap(bootprom), boot block, kernel
Q.2 What is default run level of the process "init"?
A.:
run level 3
Area 1. System Administration
Q.1 Describe the three Phrases of the Open Boot Prom?
A.:
boot strap(bootprom), boot block, kernel
Q.2 What is default run level of the process "init"?
A.:
run level 3
Q.3 Which directories contain the run script of system?
A.:
/etc/rc1.d, /etc/rc2.d, /etc/rc3.d
A.:
/etc/rc1.d, /etc/rc2.d, /etc/rc3.d
Q.4 If I have a system that has two network interfaces, "le0" and "le1", describe the procedure to set up the machine as router?
A.:
vi /etc/hostname.le0
129.200.9.1
vi /etc/hostname.le1
129.200.9.2
A.:
vi /etc/hostname.le0
129.200.9.1
vi /etc/hostname.le1
129.200.9.2
Q.5 Describe the difference between NIS, NIS+ & DNS?
A.:
DNS: cross domain, IP address and hostname+domain map, no other.
NIS: only in domain, IP address and hostname+domain map, user, passwd, ..
NIS+: DNS+NIS+Security, cross domain
A.:
DNS: cross domain, IP address and hostname+domain map, no other.
NIS: only in domain, IP address and hostname+domain map, user, passwd, ..
NIS+: DNS+NIS+Security, cross domain
Q.7 What is the name of the configuration file used to modify the kernel parameters?
A.:
/etc/system
A.:
/etc/system
Q.8 What is the Solaris command to print the configuration of the system?
A.:
sysdef, prtconf, dmesg, man k system
A.:
sysdef, prtconf, dmesg, man k system
Q.9 What is the Solaris system command used to modify the "netmask" of the system without going though a system reboot?
A.:
ifconfig le0 inet 129.200.9.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 129.200.9.255 up
A.:
ifconfig le0 inet 129.200.9.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 129.200.9.255 up
Q.10 What is the Solaris command used to display the routing table of the system?
A.:
netstat -rn
A.:
netstat -rn
Q.11 What is the Solaris command used to trace the Ethernet interface?
A.:
snoop d hme0
A.:
snoop d hme0
Q.12 What is the Solaris command used to
1. display software packages install on a system
2. add a new package to the system
3. . remove a package from the system
A.:
Pkginfo |grep open, pkgadd d . SUNWsnm SUNWsnmman, pkgrm SUNWsnm SUNWsnmman
1. display software packages install on a system
2. add a new package to the system
3. . remove a package from the system
A.:
Pkginfo |grep open, pkgadd d . SUNWsnm SUNWsnmman, pkgrm SUNWsnm SUNWsnmman
Area 2 Network Management
Q.1 What are the two management protocols used in SunNet Doman Manager?
A.:
SNMP, RPC
Q.2 Define the terms "management Console" and "agent".
A.:
Console: display network topology & status.
Agent : report status, like performance & fault of managed object to console.
Q.1 What are the two management protocols used in SunNet Doman Manager?
A.:
SNMP, RPC
Q.2 Define the terms "management Console" and "agent".
A.:
Console: display network topology & status.
Agent : report status, like performance & fault of managed object to console.
Q.3 describe the purpose of Co-operative Console?
A.:
Distribute network management
A.:
Distribute network management
Q.4 Describe the difference between "Data Request" and "Event Request"?
A.:
Data Request: performance management
Event Request: fault management
A.:
Data Request: performance management
Event Request: fault management
Q.5 Describe the difference between "MIB" and "Schema" in SunNet Manager?
A.:
MIB: Management information Base, Standard Network management attack
Schema.: database based on COBLE, only apply on SUN
A.:
MIB: Management information Base, Standard Network management attack
Schema.: database based on COBLE, only apply on SUN
Q.6 Describe the difference between "SNMP agent" and "RPC agent" in SunNet Manager? A.:
SNMP: Simple Network management Protocol, industry standard
RPC: Remote Procedure Call, only on UNIX Platform
SNMP: Simple Network management Protocol, industry standard
RPC: Remote Procedure Call, only on UNIX Platform
Area 3 Disk Management
Q.1 What are the major Disk Management Features supported by Solstice DiskSuite?
A.:
Raid 0,1,0+1,5
Journal file system(log file system)
Hot Disk Spool
File system expansion
Q.2 Define the following terms?
1.Stripe Interlace
2.Stripe Width
A.:
1. data distribution block size on slice, size of data write on slice once time
2. size of data write on stripe once time
Q.1 What are the major Disk Management Features supported by Solstice DiskSuite?
A.:
Raid 0,1,0+1,5
Journal file system(log file system)
Hot Disk Spool
File system expansion
Q.2 Define the following terms?
1.Stripe Interlace
2.Stripe Width
A.:
1. data distribution block size on slice, size of data write on slice once time
2. size of data write on stripe once time
Q.3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of RAID5 compare with RAID0+1?
A.:
RAID0+1 RAID5
Speed fast read&write fast read, slow write
Reliability & Availability high low
Price expensive cheap
Managemen simple complicated
A.:
RAID0+1 RAID5
Speed fast read&write fast read, slow write
Reliability & Availability high low
Price expensive cheap
Managemen simple complicated
Q.4 what is a "replica" in Solstice DiskSuite?
A.
Configuration database
A.
Configuration database
Q.5 Define the meaning of a meta-device in Solstice Disksuite?
A.:
Pseudo device driver to handle RAID system
A.:
Pseudo device driver to handle RAID system
Q.6 What is the UNIX command that makes a raw file system into a Unix file system?
A.
newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0
A.
newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0
Q.7 what is the main feature difference between A1000/A3500 and Multipack/A5000?
A.:
A1000/A3500: hardware array, controller & NVRAM, better for OLTP application. Multipack/A5000: software array, no controller & NVRAM, better for DSS Application.
A.:
A1000/A3500: hardware array, controller & NVRAM, better for OLTP application. Multipack/A5000: software array, no controller & NVRAM, better for DSS Application.
Area 4 Storage Management
Q.1 What is the product structure of the Solstice Backup suite of packages?
A.:
Server package, Client Package, Archive, HSM.
Q.2 Name three major customer benefits for using Solstice Backup?
A.:
GUI easy manager, Schedule backup, index in disk, multi platform support (UNIX, NT, win95), widely special device support, network backup
Q.1 What is the product structure of the Solstice Backup suite of packages?
A.:
Server package, Client Package, Archive, HSM.
Q.2 Name three major customer benefits for using Solstice Backup?
A.:
GUI easy manager, Schedule backup, index in disk, multi platform support (UNIX, NT, win95), widely special device support, network backup
Q.3 what is Online Indexing is Solstice Backup?
A.:
Backup record (file index) in disk
A.:
Backup record (file index) in disk
Q4. What is HSM is Solstice Backup?
A.:
HSM allow doing data storage migration fast storage, like local disk to slow storage, like remote NFS Server, Jukebox, and Tape library.
A.:
HSM allow doing data storage migration fast storage, like local disk to slow storage, like remote NFS Server, Jukebox, and Tape library.
Q.5 What is Archive in Solstice Backup?
A.
Backup Turbo
A.
Backup Turbo
Q.6 What is the meaning of "save set cloning" in Solstice Backup?
A.:
Backup to two or more tape driver.
A.:
Backup to two or more tape driver.
Area 5 Firewall & Security
Q.1 Name the three Firewall products that Sun offers?
A.:
EFS, SPF, SKIP
Q.1 Name the three Firewall products that Sun offers?
A.:
EFS, SPF, SKIP
Q.2 What are the two major technologies commonly used to implement today's popular firewall gateway Products?
A.:
Packet filtering, like EFS, SPF
Application filtering, like Proxy
A.:
Packet filtering, like EFS, SPF
Application filtering, like Proxy
Q.3 What is the firewall gateway favor scalability?
A.:
No need to reconfiguration, coding according to different application.
A.:
No need to reconfiguration, coding according to different application.
Q.4 What does "Rules" in EFS represent?
A.:
Set of security policy
A.:
Set of security policy
Q.5 What is NAT in EFS?
A.:
NAT: Network Address Translation. Unregistered IP translate to register IP, 10.*.*.* To 202.112.100.*
A.:
NAT: Network Address Translation. Unregistered IP translate to register IP, 10.*.*.* To 202.112.100.*
Q.6 What is a VPN?
A.:
Virtual Private Network is an encryption path in public Internet.
A.:
Virtual Private Network is an encryption path in public Internet.
Q.7 What are SKIP & IPSec?
A.:
Simple Key-management for Internet Protocol.
IPSec: IP layer encryption. Internet standard.
A.:
Simple Key-management for Internet Protocol.
IPSec: IP layer encryption. Internet standard.
Q.8 What is different between SunScreen SPF & EFS?
A.:
SPF: IP address is transparent
A.:
SPF: IP address is transparent
Q.9 Explain what is "stateful packet filtering?
A.:
The packet status of a connect is cached & indexed for throughput performance improvement & security.
A.:
The packet status of a connect is cached & indexed for throughput performance improvement & security.
Q.10 Explain the Limitation of a hardware router device being used as firewall gateway? A.:
No log in disk, difficult upgrade, scalability, no open & proven encryption algorithm.
No log in disk, difficult upgrade, scalability, no open & proven encryption algorithm.