JavaWeb(四)

JavaWeb(四)

一.MVC三层架构

什么是MVC:Model view Controller

早些年的双层框架

用户直接访问控制层,控制层就可以

servlet–>CRUD–>数据库
弊端:程序十分臃肿,不利于维护
servelt的代码中,处理请求、响应、视图跳转、处理JDBC、处理业务代码、处理逻辑代码

经典MVC三层架构

分为:
Model

• 业务处理:业务逻辑(Service)
• 数据持久层:CRUD(Dao)

View

• 展示数据
• 提供链接发起Servlet请求

Controller

• 接收用户的请求:(req:请求参数、Session信息…)
• 交给业务层处理对应的代码
• 控制视图的跳转

登录- ->接收用户登录的请求- ->处理用户登录的请求(获取用户登录的参数,username,password)- ->交给业务层处理登录业务(判断用户名密码是否正确)- ->Dao层查询用户名和密码是否正确

二.Filter过滤器(重点)

用来过滤网站的数据

Filter开发步骤:

• 导包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>javaweb_fillter</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

• 编写过滤器

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.*;

import java.io.IOException;
/**要过滤的路径*/
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/servlet/*"})
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    /**web服务器启动就会 初始化*/
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFillter初始化");
    }
    /**web服务器关闭就会 销毁*/
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFillter销毁");
    }
    //chain 链
    /**过滤器中的所有代码,在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
    * 必须要让过滤器继续通行*/
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-16");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-16");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-16");

        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFillter执行前");
        //让我们的请求继续走,如果不写,程序就会中止
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFillter执行后");
    }
}

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**{"/servlet/show","/showServlet"} 多个地址,使用大括号括起来,方便测试是否通过过滤器*/
@WebServlet(name = "ShowServlet", value = {"/servlet/show","/ShowServlet"})
public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("中文乱码测试");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

未通过过滤器页面:

通过过滤器页面:

三.Listener监听器

实现一个监听器的接口;(有N种)

import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.*;
/**统计网站在线人数:使用session统计*/
@WebListener
public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener{
    public OnlineCountListener() {
    }
    /**session创建监听
     * 一旦创建session就会触发一次这个事件*/
    public int count=0;
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        count++;
        se.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("Count", count);
        /* Session is created. */
    }
    /**session销毁监听
     * 一旦销毁session就会触发一次这个事件*/
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        count--;
        se.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("Count", count);
        /* Session is destroyed. */
    }
    /**session销毁
     * 手动销毁
     * 自动销毁 服务器关闭销毁*/
}

index.jsp页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
<h1>当前有<span><%=request.getServletContext().getAttribute("Count")%></span>人在线</h1>
  </body>
</html>

四.过滤器和监听器的常见应用

监听器:GUI编程中经常使用

用户登录之后才能进入主页,用户注销后就不能进入主页了

• 用户登录之后,向session中放入用户的数据
• 进入主页的时候要判断用户是否已经登录

SysFilter 文件
负责登录检测,有session则可进入主页,否则进入登录页面

import com.mnm.util.Constant;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/sys/*"})
public class SysFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
        if (request.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION)==null) {
            response.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
    }
}

LoginServlet文件
负责创建session

import com.mnm.util.Constant;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;


@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet", value = {"/servlet/login","/loginServlet"})
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        if ("admin".equals(username)){
            request.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION,request.getSession().getId());
            response.sendRedirect("/sys/success.jsp");
        }else {
            response.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request,response);
    }
}

LogoutServlet文件
负责退出登录

import com.mnm.util.Constant;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.*;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "LogoutServlet", value = {"/LogoutServlet","/servlet/logout"})
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Object username = request.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
        if (username!=null){
            request.getSession().removeAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
            response.sendRedirect("/login.jsp");
        }else {
            response.sendRedirect("/login.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request,response);
    }
}

负责存放session名字

public class Constant {
    public static String USER_SESSION = "USER_SESSION";
}

success.jsp页面
主页

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>这是主页</h1>
<p><a href="/servlet/logout">注销</a> </p>
</body>
</html>

login.jsp页面
负责登录

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form action="/servlet/login" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

error.jsp
错误界面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>错误页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>错误:</h1>

<h2>没有权限 或者密码错误</h2>
<p><a href="/login.jsp">返回页面</a> </p>
</body>
</html>

五.扩展:Junit

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

简单使用:
@Test注解只在方法上有效,只要加了这个注解的方法,就可以直接使用

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class TestJdbc2 {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        System.out.println("测试Junit");
    }
}