RAID

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-24 23:05:19 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-10-24 23:05:19 发布
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创建md0并查看
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdb[1-2]
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:0 UUID=b195df76:d76765bb:76913700:12c0c475
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 29 17:30:19 2020
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Dec 29 17:30:19 2020
      State : clean

Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

 Chunk Size : 512K

       Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
       UUID : b195df76:d76765bb:76913700:12c0c475
     Events : 0

Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
   0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
   1       8       18        1      active sync   /dev/sdb2

给md0分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x841f585b.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4190207, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4190207, default 4190207): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md0p1 /opt/md0
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 873M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.5M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
/dev/md0p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md0

创建raid1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sdc[1-3]
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store ‘/boot’ on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
–metadata=0.90
Continue creating array?
Continue creating array? (y/n) y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
查询运行raid阵列的状态
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdc32 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
查询uuid
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:0 UUID=986d8b9e:a7c4f6d8:29960f32:83174ea5
ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=485ed6ef:2b7f81b9:570f7def:0577a251
查询详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 29 17:44:24 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Dec 29 17:44:29 2020
      State : clean

Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1

       Name : localhost.localdomain:1  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
       UUID : 485ed6ef:2b7f81b9:570f7def:0577a251
     Events : 17

Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
   0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
   1       8       34        1      active sync   /dev/sdc2

   2       8       35        -      spare   /dev/sdc3

给md1分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf883c14b.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-2095103, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2095103, default 2095103): +500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
128016 inodes, 512000 blocks
25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720
63 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md1p1 /opt/md1
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 873M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.5M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
/dev/md0p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md0
/dev/md1p1 477M 2.3M 445M 1% /opt/md1
模拟故障并删除
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc1 from /dev/md1
查看
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdc2[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
创建raid5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -c 32 -x 1 /dev/sdd[1-4]
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
创建md5分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md5
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8e2e613e.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4190207, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4190207, default 4190207): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
刷新
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
查看
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
│ └─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
└─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
└─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
└─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
│ └─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
└─sdc3 8:35 0 1G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
└─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
sdd 8:48 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
├─sdd3 8:51 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
└─sdd4 8:52 0 1G 0 part
└─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
└─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom /opt/centos
排故障
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md5 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: set /dev/sdd1 faulty in /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md5 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd1 from /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdd3[4] sdd4[3] sdd2[1]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

md1 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdc2[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
给raid扩展一个盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md5 /dev/sdb3
mdadm: added /dev/sdb3
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
│ └─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
│ └─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
└─sdb3 8:19 0 1G 0 part
└─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
└─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
│ └─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
└─sdc3 8:35 0 1G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
└─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
sdd 8:48 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
├─sdd3 8:51 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
└─sdd4 8:52 0 1G 0 part
└─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
└─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom /opt/centos
格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=8 blocks, Stripe width=16 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md5p1 /opt/md5
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 873M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
/dev/md0p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md0
/dev/md1p1 477M 2.3M 445M 1% /opt/md1
/dev/md5p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md5
删除raid
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --misc --zero-superblock /dev/sdb[1-2]
raid10的搭建
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md10 -l 10 -n 4 /dev/sdb[1-4]
mdadm: /dev/sdb3 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=3 ctime=Tue Dec 29 17:54:40 2020
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md10
/dev/md10:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 29 18:07:29 2020
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Dec 29 18:07:39 2020
      State : clean

Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

     Layout : near=2
 Chunk Size : 512K

       Name : localhost.localdomain:10  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
       UUID : 0e5f09bd:bd4fcee1:506395b1:cfe46e60
     Events : 17

Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
   0       8       17        0      active sync set-A   /dev/sdb1
   1       8       18        1      active sync set-B   /dev/sdb2
   2       8       19        2      active sync set-A   /dev/sdb3
   3       8       20        3      active sync set-B   /dev/sdb4
軏.
关注
raid0 raid1 raid5 raid10
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pass_x的博客
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一、磁盘阵列RAID 1.1 概述 RAID：(Redundant Array of Independent Disk )独立冗余磁盘阵列 RAID最初是为了组合小的廉价磁盘来代替大的昂贵磁盘，同时希望磁盘失效时不会使对数据的访问受损失而开发出一定水平的数据保护技术。 RAID就是一种由多块廉价磁盘构成的冗余阵列，在操作系统下是作为一个独立的大型存储设备出现。 RAID可以充分发挥出多块硬盘的优势，可以提升硬盘速度，增大容量，提供容错功能，能够确保数据安全性，易于管理，在任何一块硬盘出现问题的情况下都可以
RIAD的实现，以及mdadm命令的基本用法
weixin_34392435的博客
03-26 402
注 ：这个博文是软RAID的实现过程，在实际生产中主要是硬来实现磁盘冗余。本博文仅供学习，和硬RAID不能实现中使用。（1）常用RAID级别的介绍(只介绍级别，原理及raid历史自行学习) 1，RAID0:条带化，没有冗余功能，磁盘的磁盘的读写速率为n倍 利用率为100%。实现条件最少2块盘 2, RAID1:镜像技术，有冗余功能，磁盘的写速率变慢，读的速率变快，利...
mdadm: failed to RUN_ARRAY
最实用的Linux博客
10-30 5252
原贴:http://www.issociate.de/board/post/37120/mdadm:_failed_to_RUN_ARRAY.htmlmdadm: failed to RUN_ARRAYOne of my RAID 5 stopped last night. I get this when I try torestart it:[root [at] pep ra
Linux的RAID阵列配置详解(mdadm)
weixin_43515220的博客
11-02 2721
文章目录准备环境RAID 0创建RAID 0查看方法格式化、挂载RAID 1创建RAID 1删除阵列RAID 5创建RAID 5模拟磁盘损坏磁盘替换RAID 10先创建两个RAID 1再创建RAID 0补充阵列扩容装配模式 准备环境 五块硬盘作为测试 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l | grep /dev/sd Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 429496...
Linux RAID详解：从RAID0到RAID5
"本文主要介绍了Linux环境下的RAID磁盘阵列技术，包括硬件RAID、软件RAID和外置RAID的区别，并详细讲解了RAID0、RAID1、RAID4、RAID5等常见RAID模式的优缺点以及应用场景。" RAID（Redundant Array of Independent ...
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