RAID

创建md0并查看
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdb[1-2]
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:0 UUID=b195df76:d76765bb:76913700:12c0c475
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 29 17:30:19 2020
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Dec 29 17:30:19 2020
      State : clean 

Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

 Chunk Size : 512K

       Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
       UUID : b195df76:d76765bb:76913700:12c0c475
     Events : 0

Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
   0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
   1       8       18        1      active sync   /dev/sdb2

给md0分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x841f585b.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4190207, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4190207, default 4190207): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/md0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md0p1 /opt/md0
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 873M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.5M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
/dev/md0p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md0

创建raid1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sdc[1-3]
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store ‘/boot’ on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
–metadata=0.90
Continue creating array?
Continue creating array? (y/n) y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
查询运行raid阵列的状态
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdc32 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
查询uuid
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:0 UUID=986d8b9e:a7c4f6d8:29960f32:83174ea5
ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=485ed6ef:2b7f81b9:570f7def:0577a251
查询详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 29 17:44:24 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Dec 29 17:44:29 2020
      State : clean 

Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1

       Name : localhost.localdomain:1  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
       UUID : 485ed6ef:2b7f81b9:570f7def:0577a251
     Events : 17

Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
   0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
   1       8       34        1      active sync   /dev/sdc2

   2       8       35        -      spare   /dev/sdc3

给md1分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf883c14b.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-2095103, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2095103, default 2095103): +500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
128016 inodes, 512000 blocks
25600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720
63 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md1p1 /opt/md1
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 873M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.5M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
/dev/md0p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md0
/dev/md1p1 477M 2.3M 445M 1% /opt/md1
模拟故障并删除
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc1 from /dev/md1
查看
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdc2[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
创建raid5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -c 32 -x 1 /dev/sdd[1-4]
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
创建md5分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/md5
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8e2e613e.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4190207, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4190207, default 4190207): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
刷新
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
查看
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
│ └─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
└─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
└─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
└─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
│ └─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
└─sdc3 8:35 0 1G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
└─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
sdd 8:48 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
├─sdd3 8:51 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
└─sdd4 8:52 0 1G 0 part
└─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
└─md5p1 259:4 0 1G 0 md
sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom /opt/centos
排故障
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md5 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: set /dev/sdd1 faulty in /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md5 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd1 from /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdd3[4] sdd4[3] sdd2[1]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

md1 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdc2[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices:
给raid扩展一个盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md5 /dev/sdb3
mdadm: added /dev/sdb3
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
│ └─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 2G 0 raid0
│ └─md0p1 259:0 0 1G 0 md /opt/md0
└─sdb3 8:19 0 1G 0 part
└─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
└─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
│ └─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
└─sdc3 8:35 0 1G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 1023M 0 raid1
└─md1p1 259:2 0 500M 0 md /opt/md1
sdd 8:48 0 5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
├─sdd3 8:51 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
│ └─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
└─sdd4 8:52 0 1G 0 part
└─md5 9:5 0 2G 0 raid5
└─md5p1 259:1 0 1G 0 md
sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom /opt/centos
格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=8 blocks, Stripe width=16 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md5p1 /opt/md5
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 873M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
/dev/md0p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md0
/dev/md1p1 477M 2.3M 445M 1% /opt/md1
/dev/md5p1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /opt/md5
删除raid
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --misc --zero-superblock /dev/sdb[1-2]
raid10的搭建
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md10 -l 10 -n 4 /dev/sdb[1-4]
mdadm: /dev/sdb3 appears to be part of a raid array:
level=raid5 devices=3 ctime=Tue Dec 29 17:54:40 2020
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md10
/dev/md10:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 29 18:07:29 2020
Raid Level : raid10
Array Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1047552 (1023.17 MiB 1072.69 MB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Dec 29 18:07:39 2020
      State : clean 

Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

     Layout : near=2
 Chunk Size : 512K

       Name : localhost.localdomain:10  (local to host localhost.localdomain)
       UUID : 0e5f09bd:bd4fcee1:506395b1:cfe46e60
     Events : 17

Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
   0       8       17        0      active sync set-A   /dev/sdb1
   1       8       18        1      active sync set-B   /dev/sdb2
   2       8       19        2      active sync set-A   /dev/sdb3
   3       8       20        3      active sync set-B   /dev/sdb4
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