Flutter安装指南
官方文档地址:https://flutter.io/get-started/install/
首先,下载Flutter的源码,按照官方建议,我们选择beta分支,如下所示:
git clone -b beta https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
代码下载后,目录结构如下:
flutter renyugang$ tree -L 2 -d
.
├── bin
│ ├── cache
│ └── internal
├── dev
│ ├── automated_tests
│ ├── benchmarks
│ ├── bots
│ ├── devicelab
│ ├── docs
│ ├── integration_tests
│ ├── manual_tests
│ ├── missing_dependency_tests
│ └── tools
├── examples
│ ├── catalog
│ ├── flutter_gallery
│ ├── flutter_view
│ ├── hello_world
│ ├── layers
│ ├── platform_channel
│ ├── platform_channel_swift
│ ├── platform_view
│ └── stocks
└── packages
├── flutter
├── flutter_driver
├── flutter_localizations
├── flutter_test
└── flutter_tools
29 directories
接着,为了方便后续使用,需要将项目根目录下bin路径加入环境变量PATH中,打开~/.bash_profile文件,修改环境变量即可,如下:
# 注意:Users/didi/google/flutter需要替换为你本地Flutter项目的路径
export PATH=$PATH:/Users/didi/google/flutter/bin
注意:如果你不能科学上网,那么在继续下面的步骤之前,需要做一些额外的事情。声明PUB_HOSTED_URL和FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL两个环境变量,在当前shell窗口执行如下两行命令即可,此举是为了让Flutter在安装过程中使用国内的镜像。
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn
然后,我们就可以通过flutter doctor
命令来执行Flutter的安装程序了,经过一段时间的下载和安装,Flutter会输出安装结果:
flutter renyugang$ flutter doctor
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel beta, v0.1.5, on Mac OS X 10.11.1 15B42, locale zh-Hans)
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK 26.0.2)
[!] iOS toolchain - develop for iOS devices (Xcode 7.3.1)
✗ Flutter requires a minimum Xcode version of 9.0.0.
Download the latest version or update via the Mac App Store.
✗ libimobiledevice and ideviceinstaller are not installed. To install, run:
brew install --HEAD libimobiledevice
brew install ideviceinstaller
✗ ios-deploy not installed. To install:
brew install ios-deploy
✗ CocoaPods not installed.
CocoaPods is used to retrieve the iOS platform side's plugin code that responds to your plugin usage on the Dart side.
Without resolving iOS dependencies with CocoaPods, plugins will not work on iOS.
For more info, see https://flutter.io/platform-plugins
To install:
brew install cocoapods
pod setup
[✓] Android Studio (version 3.0)
[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition (version 2017.3.1)
[✓] Connected devices (1 available)
! Doctor found issues in 1 category.
如何运行Flutter程序
运行Flutter程序有两种方式。
第一种方式,这里假设有个Flutter程序,它的目录名为FlutterDemo,那么我们只需要在FlutterDemo目录下执行flutter run
即可,当然必须通过USB连接设备才可以,这里可以选择iOS和Android手机,当然也可以选用模拟器。
第二种运行方式就是通过IDE来运行程序,比如AndroidStudio和IntelliJ的Run
按钮。
如何开发Flutter程序
Flutter可以使用如下三个IDE来开发程序
-
Android Studio
-
IntelliJ
-
Visual Studio Code
但是很奇怪,看来Google并没有打算支持xcode,这或许对iOS用户不太友好。
对于Android同学来说,肯定是选择Android Studio或者IntelliJ来开发程序了。本文选择IntelliJ做演示,其实Android Studio和IntelliJ很类似。
为了使用IntelliJ来开发和调试Flutter程序,首先需要安装如下两个插件:
-
Flutter插件:提供程序的运行、调试和热重载等功能
-
Dart:提供Dart语言的支持
安装方式为:选择Preferences中的Plugins选项,然后搜索Flutter安装即可,安装Flutter插件会自动安装Dart插件,安装完成后,重启IntelliJ,就可以通过IntelliJ来新建和开发程序了。