spring cloud 入门实践系列 - ribbon

Ribbon is a client side IPC library that is battle-tested in cloud. It provides the following features
Load balancing
Fault tolerance
Multiple protocol (HTTP, TCP, UDP) support in an asynchronous and reactive model
Caching and batching

创建ribbon测试项目

项目结构如图

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
    <artifactId>ribbontest</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>ribbontest</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

属性配置文件application.properties

server.port=7071代表RibbontestApplication暴露在7071端口

spring.application.name=ribbon
server.port=7071
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/servicehello.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

暴露服务调用接口

package com.zhang.web;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * Created by zhangxiaolong on 17/7/20.
 */
@RestController
public class ConsumerClass {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
        this.loadBalancerClient.choose("service-hello");//随机访问策略
        return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://service-hello/hello?name="+name, String.class).getBody();

    }
}

应用程序运行入口

package com.zhang;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class RibbontestApplication {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @Bean
    public IRule ribbonRule() {
        return new RandomRule();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbontestApplication.class, args);
    }
}

创建service-hello服务

使用eureka作为注册中心，暴露在端口8761

启动两个service-hello服务，分别暴露在8762和8763端口

可以看到service-hello服务，Availability Zones数量是2，也就是有两个实例在提供服务。

8762提供服务代码

    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam String name){
        return "hello "+name+",from service provider 1";
    }

8763提供服务代码

    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam String name){
        return "hello "+name+",from service provider 2";
    }

测试和验证

1 启动RibbontestApplication中的main函数

2 浏览器中输入
http://172.16.153.1:7071/hello?name=%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%8F%E9%BE%99

结论

1 ribbon可以作为eureka服务的客户端，可以调通注册在eureka服务器上的服务
2 ribbon天生带着负载均衡的支持，负载策略可配置。
RibbontestApplication中ribbonRule方法返回的RandomRule即是随机策略。
其他负载策略

负载策略	备注
RoundRobinRule	轮询策略
AvailabilityFilteringRule	可用性过滤策略，可用性越强优先
WeightedResponseTimeRule	响应时间权重策略，响应时间越长，权重越小