实验 详解K8S的web界面部署以及解决谷歌浏览器无法访问的问题

一 K8S的web界面部署

##在master01上操作##
1. 创建dashborad工作目录
[root@master01 ~]# cd /root/k8s/
[root@master01 k8s]# mkdir dashboard
[root@master01 k8s]# cd dashboard/
[root@master01 dashboard]# rz -E		##传下好的yaml文件（https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/dashboard）
rz waiting to receive.
[root@master01 dashboard]# ls
apiserver.sh               dashboard-service.yaml              kubeconfig
cfssl.sh                   etcd-cert                           kubernetes
controller-manager.sh      etcd.sh                             kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
dashboard                  etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64            kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz.0
dashboard-configmap.yaml   etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz     master.zip
dashboard-controller.yaml  flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz  scheduler.sh
dashboard-rbac.yaml        k8s-admin.yaml
dashboard-secret.yaml      k8s-cert

2. 创建相关组件
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl create -f dashboard-rbac.yaml 			##权限管理
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl create -f dashboard-secret.yaml 		##凭证资源
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
[root@master01dashboard]# kubectl create -f dashboard-configmap.yaml 		##配置文件
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl create -f dashboard-controller.yaml 		##控制资源
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
[root@master01dashboard]# kubectl create -f dashboard-service.yaml 		##提供web服务
service/kubernetes-dashboard created

3. 完成后查看创建在指定的kube-system命令空间下
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system		#
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-dashboard-65f974f565-l29kg   1/1     Running   0          3m51s

4. 查看如何访问
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-65f974f565-l29kg   1/1     Running   0          5m56s

NAME                           TYPE       CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
service/kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.0.0.175   <none>        443:30001/TCP   5m48s

二 解决谷歌浏览器访问web界面问题

访问网址：https://20.0.0.102:30001，打开开发者工具，查看security发现缺少证书（火狐浏览器可以正常访问）

解决方法：

[root@master01 dashboard]# vim dashboard-cert.sh
cat > dashboard-csr.json <<EOF
   "hosts": [],
   "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
   },
   "names": [
       {
           "C": "CN",
           "L": "BeiJing",
           "ST": "BeiJing"
       }
   ]
}
EOF

K8S_CA=$1
cfssl gencert -ca=$K8S_CA/ca.pem -ca-key=$K8S_CA/ca-key.pem -config=$K8S_CA/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare dashboard
kubectl delete secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kube-system
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=./ -n kube-system


[root@master01 dashboard]# cd ..
[root@master01 k8s]# vim dashboard-controller.yaml
        args:
          # PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ARGS HERE
          - --auto-generate-certificates
          - --tls-key-file=dashboard-key.pem		##添加以下两行（注意格式问题，不然会报错，要对齐，不能TAB，不要有多余的空格）
          - --tls-cert-file=dashboard.pem


[root@master01 dashboard]# bash dashboard-cert.sh /root/k8s/k8s-cert/
2020/11/24 19:13:43 [INFO] generate received request
2020/11/24 19:13:43 [INFO] received CSR
2020/11/24 19:13:43 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2020/11/24 19:13:43 [INFO] encoded CSR
2020/11/24 19:13:43 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 475633400144465503923145971312459346798362792877
2020/11/24 19:13:43 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
secret "kubernetes-dashboard-certs" deleted
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created

[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-controller.yaml 
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard configured

此时浏览器访问，点击高级，点击继续前往20.0.0.102（不安全），会出现以下界面

##生成令牌
[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl create -f k8s-admin.yaml 
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin created

[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system
NAME                               TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
dashboard-admin-token-99hdr        kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      33s
default-token-kgmvl                kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      10h
kubernetes-dashboard-certs         Opaque                                11     3m58s
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder    Opaque                                2      62m
kubernetes-dashboard-token-5vkh7   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      16m

[root@master01 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-99hdr -n kube-system
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-99hdr
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: aec07453-2e4b-11eb-bed9-000c294ff7ea

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1359 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.HNCIU1nhf80oGskJ7VwmeSZ9RRgu5_Fb9T6bmShEMcGxXu84HQMkB4bCw32Nj_li05aO5aiuFeQcDXEsGebL4LGkTzf9c1ZbkZyNaOUXdWYs0Z59f5UckZ9f93Gkl_2dIVWwIQ8BOF_t4cTAFttP9NA9Sc61KOC4qdSrCk2k1LEfVENpwoGowchzjuaNQ6mIqNst8DGfZnuTyDzJEtDhwe5fL_kCy63nTDtZBZYyT-Ro7vRCF2JFuiI8PMeSuTz755v2d26n6mgQHrf1Im7fIMRoDAtTjOcZzxsJaOp96Npvciwtzt4-j4Si0Xd1wq8Ptj8cA890E6HixQicdMvYsg
##复制token：后面的密钥到浏览器上

输入密钥，此时成功进入web界面