RabbitMQ是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器,用来通过普通协议在完全不同的应用之间共享数据,或者简单地将作业队列以便让分布式服务器进行处理。消息队列使用消息将应用程序连接起来,这些消息通过像RabbitMQ这样的消息代理服务器在应用程序之间路由。这篇文章将带你了解怎么整合RabbitMQ服务器,并且通过它怎么去发送和接收消息。
构建工程
构架一个SpringBoot工程,其pom文件依赖加上spring-boot-starter-amqp的起步依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
消息交换机配置
@Configuration
public class ExchangeConfig {
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange(){
DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE,true,false);
return directExchange;
}
}
队列配置
@Configuration
public class QueueConfig {
@Bean
public Queue Queue1() {
return new Queue("first-queue",true,false,false);
}
@Bean
public Queue Queue2() {
return new Queue("second-queue",true,false,false);
}
}
RabbitMq配置
@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfig {
/** 消息交换机的名字*/
public static final String EXCHANGE = "exchangeTest";
/** 队列key1*/
public static final String ROUTINGKEY1 = "queue_one_key1";
/** 队列key2*/
public static final String ROUTINGKEY2 = "queue_one_key2";
@Autowired
private QueueConfig queueConfig;
@Autowired
private ExchangeConfig exchangeConfig;
/**
* 连接工厂
*/
@Autowired
private ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
/**
将消息队列1和交换机进行绑定
*/
@Bean
public Binding binding_one() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueConfig.Queue1()).to(exchangeConfig.directExchange()).with(RabbitMqConfig.ROUTINGKEY1);
}
/**
* 将消息队列2和交换机进行绑定
*/
@Bean
public Binding binding_two() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueConfig.Queue2()).to(exchangeConfig.directExchange()).with(RabbitMqConfig.ROUTINGKEY2);
}
/**
* queue listener 观察 监听模式
* 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象
* @return
*/
@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer simpleMessageListenerContainer_one(){
SimpleMessageListenerContainer simpleMessageListenerContainer = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);
simpleMessageListenerContainer.addQueues(queueConfig.Queue1());
simpleMessageListenerContainer.setExposeListenerChannel(true);
simpleMessageListenerContainer.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(5);
simpleMessageListenerContainer.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
simpleMessageListenerContainer.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //设置确认模式手工确认
return simpleMessageListenerContainer;
}
/**
* 定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
template.setConfirmCallback(msgSendConfirmCallBack());
return template;
}
/**
* 消息确认机制
* Confirms给客户端一种轻量级的方式,能够跟踪哪些消息被broker处理,
* 哪些可能因为broker宕掉或者网络失败的情况而重新发布。
* 确认并且保证消息被送达,提供了两种方式:发布确认和事务。(两者不可同时使用)
* 在channel为事务时,不可引入确认模式;同样channel为确认模式下,不可使用事务。
* @return
*/
@Bean
public MsgSendConfirmCallBack msgSendConfirmCallBack() {
return new MsgSendConfirmCallBack();
}
}
消息回调
public class MsgSendConfirmCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
logger.info("MsgSendConfirmCallBack , 回调id:" + correlationData);
if (ack) {
logger.info("success");
} else {
logger.error("fail" + cause+"\n重新发送");
}
}
}
生产者
@Service
public class SendService {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* 发送消息
* @param uuid
* @param message 消息
*/
public void send(String uuid,Object message) {
CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(uuid);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.EXCHANGE, RabbitMqConfig.ROUTINGKEY2,
message, correlationId);
}
}
消费者
@Component
public class Consumer {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@RabbitListener(queues = {"first-queue", "second-queue"},
containerFactory = "rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
public void handleMessage(String message) throws Exception {
logger.info("Consumer handleMessage : " + message);
}
}
Controller
@RestController
public class SendController {
@Autowired
private SendService sendService;
@GetMapping("/send/{message}")
public String send(@PathVariable String message){
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
sendService.send(uuid,message);
return uuid;
}
}
测试
产看控制台
恭喜!你刚才已经学会了如何通过spring raabitmq去构建一个消息发送和订阅的程序。