C# 异步调用：隐式异步，显示异步调用的实现形式

1. 隐式异步调用：委托的beginInvoke

namespace MultiThreadExample
{
    class Program
    {
        //隐式异步调用
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student stu1 = new Student() { ID = 1, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow };
            Student stu2 = new Student() { ID = 2, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Green };
            Student stu3 = new Student() { ID = 3, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Red };

            Action action1 = new Action(stu1.DoHomeWork);
            Action action2 = new Action(stu2.DoHomeWork);
            Action action3 = new Action(stu3.DoHomeWork);

            
            action1.BeginInvoke(null, null);//BeginInvoke会自动生成一个分支线程，在分支线程里调用方法。
            action2.BeginInvoke(null, null);
            action3.BeginInvoke(null, null);
            //（查看执行的结果就发现并没有按照设定的背景色显示，这是争抢资源造成的，要避免多线程争抢资源，就需要加：锁。）
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Cyan;
                Console.WriteLine("main Thread{0}", i);
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        class Student
        {
            public int ID { get; set; }
            public ConsoleColor PenColor { get; set; }

            public void DoHomeWork()
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                {
                    Console.ForegroundColor = this.PenColor;
                    Console.WriteLine("Student {0} doing homework {1} hour(s);", this.ID, i);
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2. 显示异步调用的两种方法：Thread  + Task

namespace MultiThreadExample2
{
    class Program
    {
        //显示异步调用：1.使用Thread; 2.使用Task
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student stu1 = new Student() { ID = 1, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow };
            Student stu2 = new Student() { ID = 2, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Green };
            Student stu3 = new Student() { ID = 3, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Red };

            使用Thread
            //Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(stu1.DoHomeWork));
            //Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(stu2.DoHomeWork));
            //Thread thread3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(stu3.DoHomeWork));
            //thread1.Start();
            //thread2.Start();
            //thread3.Start();

            //使用Task:
            Task task1 = new Task(new Action(stu1.DoHomeWork));
            Task task2 = new Task(new Action(stu2.DoHomeWork));
            Task task3 = new Task(new Action(stu3.DoHomeWork));

            task1.Start();
            task2.Start();
            task3.Start();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Cyan;
                Console.WriteLine("main Thread{0}", i);
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        class Student
        {
            public int ID { get; set; }
            public ConsoleColor PenColor { get; set; }

            public void DoHomeWork()
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                {
                    Console.ForegroundColor = this.PenColor;
                    Console.WriteLine("Student {0} doing homework {1} hour(s);", this.ID, i);
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}