关于Ryu基于跳数的最短路径转发运行报错的问题汇总

写在前面

这篇文章是本人的第一篇投稿，万分紧张，希望一切顺利，有什么错误还请大家指正。
本文记录了一些我在运行李呈老师的Ryu基于跳数的最短路径转发代码时遇到的错误，以及如何解决的，希望能够给大家带来帮助。

代码展示

请勿直接粘贴此代码！！！有错误

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER, CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.lib.packet import packet
from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet
from ryu.topology import event, switches
from ryu.topology.api import get_switch, get_link
import networkx as nx


class ExampleShortestForwarding(app_manager.RyuApp):
    """docstring for ExampleShortestForwarding"""

    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ExampleShortestForwarding, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.network=nx.DiGraph()
        self.topology_api_app = self
        self.paths = {}

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # install the table-miss flow entry.
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                          ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)

    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # construct flow_mod message and send it.
        inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
                                            actions)]
        mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority,
                               match=match, instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

    @set_ev_cls(event.EventSwitchEnter, [CONFIG_DISPATCHER, MAIN_DISPATCHER])
    def get_topology(self, ev):
        # get switches and store them into self.network
        switch_list = get_switch(self.topology_api_app, None)   
        switches=[switch.dp.id for switch in switch_list]
        self.network.add_nodes_from(switches)
    
        # get links and store them into self.network
        links_list = get_link(self.topology_api_app, None)
        links=[(link.src.dpid,link.dst.dpid,{'port':link.src.port_no}) for link in links_list]
        self.network.add_edges_from(links)

        # reverse link.
        links=[(link.dst.dpid,link.src.dpid,{'port':link.dst.port_no}) for link in links_list]
        self.network.add_edges_from(links)

    def get_out_port(self, src, dst, datapath, in_port):
        dpid = datapath.id
        # add link between host and ingress switch.
        if src not in self.network:
            self.network.add_node(src)
            self.network.add_edge(dpid,src,{'port':in_port})
            self.network.add_edge(src,dpid)
            self.paths.setdefault(src, {})

        if dst in self.network:
            # if path is not existed, calculate it and save it.
            if dst not in self.paths[src]:
                path = nx.shortest_path(self.network,src,dst) 
                self.paths[src][dst] = path

            # find out_port to next hop.
            path = self.paths[src][dst]
            print "path: ", path
            next_hop = path[path.index(dpid)+1]
            out_port = self.network[dpid][next_hop]['port']
        else:
            out_port = datapath.ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD

        return out_port

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        pkt = packet.Packet(msg.data)
        eth = pkt.get_protocol(ethernet.ethernet)
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']

        out_port = self.get_out_port(eth.src, eth.dst, datapath, in_port)
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)]
        # install flow_mod to avoid packet_in next time.
        if out_port != ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD:
            match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch(in_port=in_port, eth_dst=eth.dst)
            self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)

        # send packet_out msg to flood packet.
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(
            datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,in_port=in_port,
            actions=actions)
        datapath.send_msg(out)

networkx.DiGraph.add_edge()函数参数数量报错

这里显示add_edge()参数数量有问题，但是我明明只输入了三个呀。

我在“国宝小十三”的博客中找到了原因：https://blog.csdn.net/dududududou/article/details/89183207

原因是networkx版本的原因，需要卸载此版本，安装旧版的networkx

pip uninstall networkx
pip install networkx==1.11

之后，上述代码便可运行成功

Mininet连接控制器后，主机间ping不通

解决上述问题后，我用mininet连接了控制器

mn --controller=remote,ip=192.168.83.144,port=6653 --switch ovs,protocols=OpenFlow13 --mac --topo=tree,2,2

然而pingall命令执行后，所有主机都ping不通。

查阅了大量的csdn博客，也尝试将

self.network.add_edge(dpid,src,{'port':in_port})

修改为

self.network.add_edge(dpid,src,port=in_port)

依旧失败。

之后我突然想起之前学习“自学习交换机”的时候也遇到了ping不通的问题。于是使用之前的解决方法进行了尝试

datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,in_port=in_port,
            actions=actions)

修改为

datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,in_port=in_port,
            actions=actions, data=msg.data)

添加了一个data参数。这次修改之后，连接Mininet，应用pingall命令。

有的时候可以ping通所有主机。
有的时候只能ping通同一交换机下连接的主机。

这就很玄学了。如果哪位大神找到了解决方案，还请不吝赐教
如果帮到了大家，请点个赞，如果有其他问题，欢迎留言~~

再放一下我修改后的代码吧

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER, CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.lib.packet import packet
from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet
from ryu.topology import event, switches
from ryu.topology.api import get_switch, get_link
import networkx as nx


class ExampleShortestForwarding(app_manager.RyuApp):
    """docstring for ExampleShortestForwarding"""

    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ExampleShortestForwarding, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.network=nx.DiGraph()
        self.topology_api_app = self
        self.paths = {}

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # install the table-miss flow entry.
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                          ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)

    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # construct flow_mod message and send it.
        inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
                                            actions)]
        mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority,
                               match=match, instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

    @set_ev_cls(event.EventSwitchEnter, [CONFIG_DISPATCHER, MAIN_DISPATCHER])
    def get_topology(self, ev):
        # get switches and store them into self.network
        switch_list = get_switch(self.topology_api_app, None)   
        switches=[switch.dp.id for switch in switch_list]
        self.network.add_nodes_from(switches)
    
        # get links and store them into self.network
        links_list = get_link(self.topology_api_app, None)
        links=[(link.src.dpid,link.dst.dpid,{'port':link.src.port_no}) for link in links_list]
        self.network.add_edges_from(links)

        # reverse link.
        links=[(link.dst.dpid,link.src.dpid,{'port':link.dst.port_no}) for link in links_list]
        self.network.add_edges_from(links)

    def get_out_port(self, src, dst, datapath, in_port):
        dpid = datapath.id
        # add link between host and ingress switch.
        if src not in self.network:
            self.network.add_node(src)
            self.network.add_edge(dpid,src,{'port':in_port})
            self.network.add_edge(src,dpid)
            self.paths.setdefault(src, {})

        if dst in self.network:
            # if path is not existed, calculate it and save it.
            if dst not in self.paths[src]:
                path = nx.shortest_path(self.network,src,dst) 
                self.paths[src][dst] = path

            # find out_port to next hop.
            path = self.paths[src][dst]
            print("path: ", path)
            next_hop = path[path.index(dpid)+1]
            out_port = self.network[dpid][next_hop]['port']
        else:
            out_port = datapath.ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD

        return out_port

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        pkt = packet.Packet(msg.data)
        eth = pkt.get_protocol(ethernet.ethernet)
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']

        out_port = self.get_out_port(eth.src, eth.dst, datapath, in_port)
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)]
        # install flow_mod to avoid packet_in next time.
        if out_port != ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD:
            match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch(in_port=in_port, eth_dst=eth.dst)
            self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)

        # send packet_out msg to flood packet.
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(
            datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,in_port=in_port,
            actions=actions, data=msg.data)
        datapath.send_msg(out)