java8新特性——时间API

获取时间

方法	介绍
LocalDate	专门表示日期
LocalTime	专门表示时间
LocalDateTime	时间和日期

LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime类的实例时不可变对象

LocalDateTime.now()

/**
	 * LocalDateTime.now()   获取当前时间
	 */
@Test
public void test1() {
    LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
    System.out.println("now = " + now);
    //	now = 2019-11-08T18:54:32.200
}

LocalDateTime.of()

/**
	 * LocalDateTime.of()  可以指定年月日时分秒
	 */
@Test
public void test2() {

    LocalDateTime of = LocalDateTime.of(2019, 11, 8, 21, 03, 10);
    System.out.println("of = " + of);
    //of = 2019-11-08T21:03:10

}

对时间日期的运算

time.plusDays(2)

/**
	 * function:对时间日期的运算
	 *
	 * time.plusDays(2); 在时间time的基础上加两天
	 *
	 * 产生一个新的实例
	 */
	@Test
	public void test3() {

		LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();

		//加两天
		LocalDateTime localDateTime = now.plusDays(2);
		System.out.println("localDateTime = " + localDateTime);

		//减三小时
		LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = now.minusHours(3);
		System.out.println("localDateTime1 = " + localDateTime1);


	}

time.getYear()

/**
	 * function:   time.getYear(); 获取时间的值
	 */
	@Test
	public void test4() {

		LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();

		int year = now.getYear();
		System.out.println("year = " + year);

		//得到月份对象，可以继续对月份进行操作
		Month month = now.getMonth();
		System.out.println("month = " + month);  //NOVEMBER

		//得到月份的值
		int monthValue = now.getMonthValue();
		System.out.println("monthValue = " + monthValue);    //月
		System.out.println(now.getDayOfMonth());    //日
		System.out.println(now.getHour());    //时
		System.out.println(now.getMinute());//分
		System.out.println(now.getSecond());//秒


	}

Instant 时间戳

• 以Unix元年 1970年1月1日0点0分0秒 到某个时间的毫秒值
• 这是计算机认识的时间

/**
	 * function:
	 */
	@Test
	public void test5() {
		Instant now = Instant.now();
		System.out.println("now = " + now);

		//这不是获取的系统时间
		//默认获取的UTC时区

		//与北京时间有8个小时的时差，
		//
		// 可以做个偏量运算

		OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = now.atOffset(ZoneOffset.ofHours(8));
		System.out.println("offsetDateTime = " + offsetDateTime);

		//2019-11-08T21:19:15.883+08:00    后面有个+8小时

		//偏移了8个时区后  就是当前北京时间

	}

/**
	 * function:
	 */
	@Test
	public void test6() {

		Instant now = Instant.now();

		//当前毫秒值
		long milli = now.toEpochMilli();
		System.out.println("milli = " + milli);


		Instant instant = Instant.ofEpochSecond(1);
		System.out.println("instant = " + instant);
		//instant = 1970-01-01T00:00:01Z    在元年加1秒


	}

Duration

/**
	 * function:Duration:计算两个时间之间的间隔
	 */
@Test
public void test7() throws InterruptedException {

    Instant now = Instant.now();

    Thread.sleep(1000);

    Instant now1 = Instant.now();

    Duration between = Duration.between(now, now1);
    System.out.println("between = " + between.toMillis());  //between = 1000
    System.out.println("between = " + between.getSeconds()); //between = 1


    //这里注意，获取时间有to 和 get 都要试一下，有点坑


}

Period

/**
	 * function:Period：计算两个日期之间的间隔
	 */
	@Test
	public void test8() {

		LocalDate ld1 = LocalDate.of(2018, 9, 9);

		LocalDate ld2 = LocalDate.now();

		Period between = Period.between(ld1, ld2);
		System.out.println("getDays = " + between.getDays());
		System.out.println("getMonths = " + between.getMonths());
		System.out.println("getYears = " + between.getYears());

	}
结果：
getDays = 0
getMonths = 2
getYears = 1

时间矫正器

TemporalAdjuster

• 时间校正器。
• 有时我们可能需要获取例如：将日期调整到“下个周日”等操作

TemporalAdjusters

• 该类通过静态方法提供了大量的常用TemporalAdjuster的实现

• 例如获取下个周日：
      LocalDate nextSunday = LocalDate.now().with(
      TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)
  );
  

time.with…

/**
	 * function:  time.with..
	 * <p>
	 * with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)
	 * 可连点
	 */
@Test
public void test9() {
    LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
    System.out.println("now = " + now);

    LocalDateTime localDateTime = now.withDayOfMonth(10);
    System.out.println("localDateTime = " + localDateTime);
    //就把时间指定成当月的十号


    //入参时间矫正器，比如下个周日  下个月，下一个生日
    //他是一个接口，用TemporalAdjusters工具类
    LocalDateTime nextSunday = now.with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY));
    System.out.println("下个星期日 = " + nextSunday);


}

格式化时间 / 日期

DateTimeFormatter

/**
	 * function:
	 */
@Test
public void test10() {

    DateTimeFormatter sdf = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;

    LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
    String format = ldt.format(sdf);
    System.out.println("format = " + format);
    //2019-11-09T09:55:55.113


    String format2 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE);
    System.out.println("format2 = " + format2);
    //2019-11-09


    String format3 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);
    System.out.println("format3 = " + format3);
    //2019-11-09


    //也可以定义自己的类型
    DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
    String dateStr = now.format(dtf);
    System.out.println("dateStr = " + dateStr);
    //dateStr = 2019-11-09 10:08:03


    //把时间字符串解析回 LocalDateTime 类型
    // LocalDateTime.parse(String,pattern)
    //要指定原来的格式
    LocalDateTime parse = LocalDateTime.parse(dateStr, dtf);
    System.out.println("parse = " + parse);
    //parse = 2019-11-09T10:13:06


}

时区的处理

• java8中加入了对时间的支持，带时区的时间分别为：
• ZonedDate、ZonedTime、ZonedDateTime
• 其中每个时区都对应着ID，地区ID都为“{区域}/{城市}”的格式,例如Asia/Shanghai等
• ZoneId：该类中包含了所有的时区信息
• getAvailableZonelds()：可以获取多有时区信息
  of(id)：用指定的时区信息获取ZoneId对象

获取所有时区

/**
	 * function:获取所有时区
	 */
@Test
public void test11() {

    Set<String> zoneIds = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds();
    System.out.println("zoneIds = " + zoneIds);

}

创建时区

/**
	 * function:	在创建时间的时候可以创建时区
	 */
@Test
public void test12() {

    //获取上海时区的时间
    LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Hongkong"));
    System.out.println("now = " + now);
    //now = 2019-11-09T10:30:09.933


    //构建好时间以后，可以再次设置  atZone()
    LocalDateTime now1 = LocalDateTime.now();
    ZonedDateTime hebron = now1.atZone(ZoneId.of("Asia/Hebron"));
    System.out.println("hebron = " + hebron);
    //hebron = 2019-11-09T10:33:52.609+02:00[Asia/Hebron]  
    //跟UTC标准有两个小时的时差

    ZonedDateTime shanghai = now1.atZone(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));
    System.out.println("shanghai = " + shanghai);
    //shanghai = 2019-11-09T10:35:37.405+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]   8个小时时差

}