mac安装tesserocr模块，常见的报错情形及处理方式

最近要模拟登陆一个网站，时不时会有图片验证码，所以我就想着装个tesserocr玩玩儿。但是，我在装的过程中，碰到了不少问题。所幸最后都解决了，故写下这篇博客备忘一下。

第一步

brew install imagemagick

这一步没啥问题，顺利装上。

第二步

brew install tesseract

这一步也会很顺利的装上。

第三步

pip3.6 install tesserocr pillow

这一步这样安装会报错的，报错如下：

 ～  pip3.6 install tesserocr pillow
Collecting tesserocr
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/2d/05a7f8387e93c192919b508e4f4936f232bd3d2ca388b9130ae538a9f9ad/tesserocr-2.4.0.tar.gz (56kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 158kB/s
Collecting pillow
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/3a/61531c34cc18f77b9f979f2cf1a670ae3e98316521e78e3f070c4cc5029b/Pillow-6.0.0-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (3.7MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.7MB 543kB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: tesserocr
  Building wheel for tesserocr (setup.py) ... error
  Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/t8/_sy2x7xd3714ct9p_vwh19m80000gn/T/pip-install-2ogfax5r/tesserocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /private/var/folders/t8/_sy2x7xd3714ct9p_vwh19m80000gn/T/pip-wheel-3m_lcxu8 --python-tag cp36:
  Supporting tesseract v4.0.0
  Configs from pkg-config: {'include_dirs': ['/usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include', '/usr/local/Cellar/leptonica/1.78.0/include'], 'library_dirs': ['/usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/lib', '/usr/local/Cellar/leptonica/1.78.0/lib'], 'libraries': ['lept', 'tesseract'], 'cython_compile_time_env': {'TESSERACT_VERSION': 67108864}}
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_ext
  building 'tesserocr' extension
  creating build
  creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.6
  /usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -Wsign-compare -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g -I/usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include -I/usr/local/Cellar/leptonica/1.78.0/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/include/python3.6m -c tesserocr.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.6/tesserocr.o -std=c++11 -DUSE_STD_NAMESPACE
  In file included from tesserocr.cpp:657:
  In file included from /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include/tesseract/genericvector.h:28:
  In file included from /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include/tesseract/tesscallback.h:22:
  /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include/tesseract/host.h:30:10: fatal error: 'cinttypes' file not found
  #include <cinttypes>  // PRId32, ...
           ^~~~~~~~~~~
  1 error generated.
  error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for tesserocr
  Running setup.py clean for tesserocr
Failed to build tesserocr
Installing collected packages: tesserocr, pillow
  Running setup.py install for tesserocr ... error
    Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/t8/_sy2x7xd3714ct9p_vwh19m80000gn/T/pip-install-2ogfax5r/tesserocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/var/folders/t8/_sy2x7xd3714ct9p_vwh19m80000gn/T/pip-record-jvx3ujjz/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    Supporting tesseract v4.0.0
    Configs from pkg-config: {'include_dirs': ['/usr/local/Cellar/leptonica/1.78.0/include', '/usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include'], 'library_dirs': ['/usr/local/Cellar/leptonica/1.78.0/lib', '/usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/lib'], 'libraries': ['tesseract', 'lept'], 'cython_compile_time_env': {'TESSERACT_VERSION': 67108864}}
    running install
    running build
    running build_ext
    building 'tesserocr' extension
    creating build
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.6
    /usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -Wsign-compare -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g -I/usr/local/Cellar/leptonica/1.78.0/include -I/usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/include/python3.6m -c tesserocr.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.6/tesserocr.o -std=c++11 -DUSE_STD_NAMESPACE
    In file included from tesserocr.cpp:657:
    In file included from /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include/tesseract/genericvector.h:28:
    In file included from /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include/tesseract/tesscallback.h:22:
    /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/4.0.0_1/include/tesseract/host.h:30:10: fatal error: 'cinttypes' file not found
    #include <cinttypes>  // PRId32, ...
             ^~~~~~~~~~~
    1 error generated.
    error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/t8/_sy2x7xd3714ct9p_vwh19m80000gn/T/pip-install-2ogfax5r/tesserocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/var/folders/t8/_sy2x7xd3714ct9p_vwh19m80000gn/T/pip-record-jvx3ujjz/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/t8/_sy2x7xd3714ct9p_vwh19m80000gn/T/pip-install-2ogfax5r/tesserocr/

类似这种错误的，需要执行下面2个步骤：

步骤1

～ xcode-select --install
xcode-select: error: command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates

我这里提示 已经存在了。嗯，没事儿，继续进行下一步。

步骤二

～   export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.13

这里 10.13 是我自己的macOS的系统版本号。换成自己电脑相对应的就行。

执行以上两个步骤，然后就能安装成功啦。

步骤四

～  pip3.6 install tesserocr pillow
Collecting tesserocr
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/2d/05a7f8387e93c192919b508e4f4936f232bd3d2ca388b9130ae538a9f9ad/tesserocr-2.4.0.tar.gz
Collecting pillow
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/3a/61531c34cc18f77b9f979f2cf1a670ae3e98316521e78e3f070c4cc5029b/Pillow-6.0.0-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: tesserocr
  Building wheel for tesserocr (setup.py) ... done
  Stored in directory: /Users/liuqiuying/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/f4/f8/13/9e30c62e12a7ec922c4cd3e8d936b63679f845543c2f66d172
Successfully built tesserocr
Installing collected packages: tesserocr, pillow
Successfully installed pillow-6.0.0 tesserocr-2.4.0

这样就安装成功啦！
但是，在终端进入 python3环境后，导入 tesserocr会报错并且退出了交互终端了。情形如下：

～  python3
Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48ecebad5, Dec 18 2017, 21:07:28)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tesserocr
!strcmp(locale, "C"):Error:Assert failed:in file baseapi.cpp, line 209
[1]    57957 illegal hardware instruction  python3

这样的话，按如下操作就行了：
命令行运行: export LC_ALL=C or将该语句配置进~/.bash_profile | ~/.zshrc
执行相应的source命令导入环境变量即可

 ～ export LC_ALL=C
 ～ source ~/.zshrc
 ～  python3
Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48ecebad5, Dec 18 2017, 21:07:28)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tesserocr
>>>

后续

当天当我 把 export LC_ALL=C 写入 ～/.bashrc文件，然后第二天我的mac电脑所有的中文都显示乱码了。这个是 export LC_ALL=C 引起的。那怎么办呢？
首先 bash相关的文件中不需要 export LC_ALL=C 这一行的配置，而是在代码中配置，如下：

import locale
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'C')
import tesserocr
from PIL import Image

若代码中 既没有配置 locale.LC_ALL ，也没有在 bash相关的文件中 配置 export LC_ALL=C， 就会报如下错误：

!strcmp(locale, "C"):Error:Assert failed:in file baseapi.cpp, line 209

Process finished with exit code 132 (interrupted by signal 4: SIGILL)

然后python环境就意外的卡退。
按照上述在代码中配置下就解决了这个问题。