F_GETLK与F_SETLK的使用

关键词：l_type
fcntl（）函数调用成功，返回0。
F_GETLK申请锁，成功返回l_type=F_UNLCK；否则，返回原值。
F_SETLK加锁或解锁，成功返回l_type为预置值。
共享（读）锁与独占（写）锁在单进程中可互相取代，多进程不兼容。
多进程，原锁为读锁时，在同文件域可设读锁；原锁为写锁，在同文件域不可设读/写锁。

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<fcntl.h>

int main()
{
  int fd,res;
  struct flock region;

  fd=open("test_file",O_RDWR);
  if(fd==-1)
    {
      printf("Open error.\n");
      exit(1);
    }

  region.l_type=F_RDLCK;
  region.l_whence=SEEK_SET;
  region.l_start=0;
  region.l_len=50;
  region.l_pid=1;
  if((res=fcntl(fd,F_GETLK,&region))==0)
    {
      if(region.l_type==F_UNLCK)
        {
          printf("Read lock will be setted.\n");
          printf("l.type has not been changed.\n");
          printf("l_start=%d\n",(int)region.l_start);
          printf("l_len=%d\n",(int)region.l_len);
          printf("l_pid=%d\n",(int)region.l_pid);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      printf("Set lock error.\n");
      exit(1);
    }

  region.l_type=F_RDLCK;
  region.l_whence=SEEK_SET;
  region.l_start=0;
  region.l_len=40;
  region.l_pid=2;
  if((res=fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&region))==0)
    {
      if(region.l_type==F_RDLCK)
        {
          printf("l.type has been changed.\n");
          printf("l_start=%d\n",(int)region.l_start);
          printf("l_len=%d\n",(int)region.l_len);
          printf("l_pid=%d\n",(int)region.l_pid);
        }
    }
  else
   {
     printf("Set lock error.\n");
     exit(1);
   }

  region.l_type=F_WRLCK;
  if((res=fcntl(fd,F_GETLK,&region))==0)
    {
      if(region.l_type==F_UNLCK)
        {
          printf("Write lock will be setted.\n");
          printf("l.type has not been changed.\n");
          printf("l_start=%d\n",(int)region.l_start);
          printf("l_len=%d\n",(int)region.l_len);
          printf("l_pid=%d\n",(int)region.l_pid);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      printf("Set lock error.\n");
      exit(1);
    }

  region.l_type=F_WRLCK;
  region.l_whence=SEEK_SET;
  region.l_start=0;
  region.l_len=40;
  region.l_pid=2;
  if((res=fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&region))==0)
    {
      if(region.l_type==F_WRLCK)
        {
          printf("l.type has been changed.\n");
          printf("l_start=%d\n",(int)region.l_start);
          printf("l_len=%d\n",(int)region.l_len);
          printf("l_pid=%d\n",(int)region.l_pid);
        }
    }
  else
   {
     printf("Set lock error.\n");
     exit(1);
   }
  close(fd);
}      

程序运行结果：
Read lock will be setted.
l.type has not been changed.
l_start=0
l_len=50
l_pid=1
l.type has been changed.
l_start=0
l_len=40
l_pid=2
Write lock will be setted.
l.type has not been changed.
l_start=0
l_len=40
l_pid=2
l.type has been changed.
l_start=0
l_len=40
l_pid=2