拉氏变换

1、拉氏变换定义

拉氏变换是工程数学中常用的一种积分变换，用于线性连续系统中（在离散系统中用Z变换），可将一个有参数实数t（t≥ 0）的函数转换为一个参数为复数s的函数。公式如下：

2、拉氏变换的意义和作用

为简化计算而建立的实变量函数和复变量函数间的一种函数变换。对一个实变量函数作拉普拉斯变换，并在复数域中作各种运算，再将运算结果作拉普拉斯反变换来求得实数域中的相应结果，往往比直接在实数域中求出同样的结果在计算上容易得多。

拉普拉斯变换的这种运算步骤对于求解线性微分方程尤为有效，它可把微分方程化为容易求解的代数方程来处理，从而使计算简化。在经典控制理论中，对控制系统的分析和综合，都是建立在拉普拉斯变换的基础上的。引入拉普拉斯变换的一个主要优点，是可采用传递函数代替微分方程来描述系统的特性。

3、拉氏变换重要定理

线性性质

L [ a f 1 ( t ) ± b f 2 ( t ) ] = a F 1 ( s ) ± b F 2 ( s ) L\left [ af_{1}(t)\pm bf_{2}(t)\right ]=aF_{1}(s)\pm bF_{2}(s) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top: 0em;">[</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1076em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">±</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1076em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top: 0em;">]</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">±</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>微分定理</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> L [ f ′ ( t ) ] = s ∗ F ( s ) − f 0 L\left [ f^{'}(t)\right ]=s*F(s)-f_{0} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.8em; vertical-align: -0.65em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top: 0em;"><span class="delimsizing size2">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.9425em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.9425em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5795em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class=""></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8278em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.931em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top: 0em;"><span class="delimsizing size2">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4653em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">∗</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8889em; vertical-align: -0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1076em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>积分定理</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> L [ ∫ f ( t ) d t ] = 1 s ∗ F ( s ) + 1 s f − 1 ( 0 ) L\left [\int f(t)dt\right ]=\frac{1}{s}*F(s)+\frac{1}{s}f^{-1}(0) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.2em; vertical-align: -0.35em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top: 0em;"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="margin-right: 0.1945em; position: relative; top: -0.0006em;">∫</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top: 0em;"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.1901em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8451em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">∗</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.1901em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8451em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span class="" style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>实位移定理</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> L [ f ( t − τ 0 ) ] = e − τ s ∗ F ( s ) L\left [ f(t-\tau _{0})\right ]=e^{-\tau s}*F(s) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top: 0em;">[</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1132em;">τ</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-left: -0.1132em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top: 0em;">]</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.7713em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7713em;"><span class="" style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.1132em;">τ</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">∗</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>复位移定理</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> L [ e A t f ( t ) ] = F ( s − A ) L\left [ e^{At}f(t)\right ]=F(s-A) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.2em; vertical-align: -0.35em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen delimcenter" style="top: 0em;"><span class="delimsizing size1">[</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8413em;"><span class="" style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">A</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose delimcenter" style="top: 0em;"><span class="delimsizing size1">]</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>初值定理</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> lim ⁡ t → 0 f ( t ) = lim ⁡ s → ∞ s ∗ F ( s ) \lim_{t\rightarrow 0}f(t)=\lim_{s\rightarrow \infty}s*F(s) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop">lim</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span><span class="mrel mtight">→</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop">lim</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.1514em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="mrel mtight">→</span><span class="mord mtight">∞</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">∗</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>终值定理</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> lim ⁡ t → ∞ f ( t ) = lim ⁡ s → 0 s ∗ F ( s ) \lim_{t\rightarrow \infty}f(t)=\lim_{s\rightarrow 0}s*F(s) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop">lim</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.2806em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span><span class="mrel mtight">→</span><span class="mord mtight">∞</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8444em; vertical-align: -0.15em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop">lim</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3011em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.55em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="mrel mtight">→</span><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.15em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">∗</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

4、常见函数的拉氏变换

常见函数

f ( t ) f_{(t)} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.0496em; vertical-align: -0.3552em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1076em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3448em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.5198em; margin-left: -0.1076em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span><span class="mclose mtight">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3552em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></th><th><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> F ( s ) F_{(s)} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.0385em; vertical-align: -0.3552em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.1389em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3448em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.5198em; margin-left: -0.1389em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="mclose mtight">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3552em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>单位脉冲</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> δ ( t ) \delta _{(t)} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.0496em; vertical-align: -0.3552em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.0379em;">δ</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3448em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.5198em; margin-left: -0.0379em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span><span class="mclose mtight">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3552em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>单位阶跃</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> 1 ( t ) 1 _{(t)} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.9996em; vertical-align: -0.3552em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3448em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.5198em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span><span class="mclose mtight">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.3552em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> 1 s \frac{1}{s} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.1901em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8451em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>单位斜坡</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> t t </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6151em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span></span></span></td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> 1 s 2 \frac{1}{s^{2}} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.1901em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8451em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7463em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.786em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>单位加速度</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> t 2 2 \frac{t^{2}}{2} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.3629em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 1.0179em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8913em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.931em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> 1 s 3 \frac{1}{s^{3}} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.1901em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8451em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7463em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.786em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>指数函数</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> e − a t e^{-at} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.7936em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7936em;"><span class="" style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> 1 s + a \frac{1}{s+a} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.2484em; vertical-align: -0.4033em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8451em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.4033em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>正弦函数</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> s i n ( ω t ) sin(\omega t) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.0359em;">ω</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> w s 2 + w 2 \frac{w}{s^{2}+w^{2}} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.0987em; vertical-align: -0.4033em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.6954em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7463em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.786em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.0269em;">w</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7463em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.786em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.0269em;">w</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.4033em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td>余弦函数</td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> c o s ( ω t ) cos(\omega t) </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">cos</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.0359em;">ω</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></td><td><span class="katex--inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"> s s 2 + w 2 \frac{s}{s^{2}+w^{2}} </span><span class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.0987em; vertical-align: -0.4033em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.6954em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7463em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.786em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.0269em;">w</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.7463em;"><span class="" style="top: -2.786em; margin-right: 0.0714em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span class="" style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.4033em;"><span class=""></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

5、拉氏变换求解微分方程的应用

过程分析

1. 列出系统的微分方程；
2. 拉氏变换转换到复数域；
3. 求解传递函数；
4. 反拉氏变换到时域；