文件的上传
要想使用HTML表单上传一个或多个文件
--须把HTML表单的enctype属性设置为multipart/form-data
--须把HTML表单的method属性设置为post
--需添加<input type="file">字段
1.
1)表单需要注意的3点
2)Struts2的文件上传实际上使用的是Commons FileUpload组建,所以需要导入
common-fileupload-1.3.jar
common-io-2.0.1.jar
3)Struts2进行文件上传需要使用FileUpload拦截器
4)基本的文件上传:直接在A抽屉on中定义如下3个属性,并提供对应的get和set方法
//文件对应的File对象
private File [fileFieldName];
//文件类型
private String [fileFieldName]ContentType;
//文件名
private String [fileFieldName]FileName;
5)使用IO流进行文件的上传即可
6)一次传多个文件怎么办?
若传递多个文件,则上述的三个属性可以改为list类型
7)可以对上传的文件进行限制吗?例如拓展名,内容类型,上传文件的大小?若可以,则若出错,显示什么错误消息呢?消息可以定制吗?
可以的
可以通过配置FileUploadInterceptor拦截器的参数的方式来进行限制
maximumSize (optional)-默认的最大值为2M,上传的单个文件的最大值
allowedTypes (optional)-允许的上传文件的类型,多个使用逗号分割
allowedExtensions (optional)-允许的上传文件的拓展名,多个使用逗号分割
注意:org.apache.struts2下的default.properties有定义以上参数
定制错误消息,可以在国际化资源文件中定义如下的消息:
struts.messages.error.uploading-文件上传出错的消息
struts.messages.error.file.too.large-文件上传超过最大值的消息
struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed-文件内容类型不合法的消息
struts.messages.error.file.extension.not.allowed-文件拓展名不合法的消息
问题:此种方式定制的消息并不完善,可以参考org.apache.struts2下的struts-messages.properties,可以提供更多的定制消息
文件的下载
概述
在某些应用程序里,可能需要动态的把一个文件发送到用户的浏览器中,而这个文件的名字和存放位置在编程时是无法预知的。文件的下载
1.Struts2中使用type="stream"的result进行下载即可
2.具体使用细节参看struts-2.3.28.1-all/struts-2.3.28.1/docs/docs/home.html
3.Stream结果类型
Struts专门为文件下载提供了一种Stream结果类型,在使用一个Stream结果时,不必准备一个jsp页面。
Stream结果类型可以设置如下参数:
--contentType:被下载的文件的MIME类型,默认值为text/plain
--contentLength:被下载的文件的大小,以字节为单位
--contentDisposition:可以设置下载文件名的ContentDisposition响应头,默认值为inline,通常设置为如下格式:attachment;filename="document.pdf"
--inputName:Action中提供的文件的输入流,指文件输入流的getter定义的那个属性的名字,默认值为inputStream
--bufferSize:文件下载时缓冲区的大小,默认值为1024
--alloweCaching:文件下载时是否允许使用缓存,默认值为true
--contentCharSet: 文件下载时的字符编码。
Stream结果类型的参数可以在Action以属性的方式覆盖,即以上参数可以在Action中以getter方法的方式提供。
范例
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="i18n"></constant>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor-stack name="wulStack">
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack">
<param name="fileUpload.maximumSize">20</param>
<param name="fileUpload.allowedTypes">text/html,text/xml,text/plain
</param>
<param name="fileUpload.allowedExtensions">html,txt,xml</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="wulStack"></default-interceptor-ref>
<action name="testUpload" class="com.wul.app.action.UploadAction">
<result>/success.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="testUpload2" class="com.wul.app.action.UploadAction2">
<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/upload2.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="testDownload" class="com.wul.app.action.DownloadAction">
<result type="stream">
<param name="bufferSize">2048</param>
</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
i18n.properties
#struts.messages.error.uploading=\u6587\u4EF6\u4E0A\u4F20\u51FA\u9519\u7684\u6D88\u606F
#struts.messages.error.file.too.large=\u6587\u4EF6\u4E0A\u4F20\u8D85\u8FC7\u6700\u5927\u503C\u7684\u6D88\u606F
#struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed=\u6587\u4EF6\u5185\u5BB9\u7C7B\u578B\u4E0D\u5408\u6CD5\u7684\u6D88\u606F
#struts.messages.error.file.extension.not.allowed=\u6587\u4EF6\u62D3\u5C55\u540D\u4E0D\u5408\u6CD5\u7684\u6D88\u606F
struts.messages.error.uploading=Error uploading: {0}
struts.messages.error.file.too.large=File {0} is too large to be uploaded. Maximum allowed size is {4} bytes!
struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed=Content-Type not allowed: {0} "{1}" "{2}" {3}
struts.messages.error.file.extension.not.allowed=File extension not allowed: {0} "{1}" "{2}" {3}
UploadAction.java
package com.wul.app.action;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private File ppt;
private String pptContentType;
private String pptFileName;
private String pptDesc;
public String getPptDesc() {
return pptDesc;
}
public void setPptDesc(String pptDesc) {
this.pptDesc = pptDesc;
}
public static long getSerialversionuid() {
return serialVersionUID;
}
public String getPptContentType() {
return pptContentType;
}
public void setPptContentType(String pptContentType) {
this.pptContentType = pptContentType;
}
public String getPptFileName() {
return pptFileName;
}
public void setPptFileName(String pptFileName) {
this.pptFileName = pptFileName;
}
public File getPpt() {
return ppt;
}
public void setPpt(File ppt) {
this.ppt = ppt;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(ppt);
System.out.println(pptContentType);
System.out.println(pptFileName);
System.out.println(pptDesc);
ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
String dir = servletContext.getRealPath("/files/"+pptFileName);
System.out.println(dir);
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dir);
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(ppt);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len=0;
while((len = in.read(buffer)) != -1){
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
out.close();
in.close();
return SUCCESS;
}
}
UploadAction2.java
package com.wul.app.action;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UploadAction2 extends ActionSupport {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private List<File> file;
private List<String> fileContentType;
private List<String> fileFileName;
private List<String> fileDesc;
public List<File> getFile() {
return file;
}
public void setFile(List<File> file) {
this.file = file;
}
public List<String> getFileContentType() {
return fileContentType;
}
public void setFileContentType(List<String> fileContentType) {
this.fileContentType = fileContentType;
}
public List<String> getFileFileName() {
return fileFileName;
}
public void setFileFileName(List<String> fileFileName) {
this.fileFileName = fileFileName;
}
public List<String> getFileDesc() {
return fileDesc;
}
public void setFileDesc(List<String> fileDesc) {
this.fileDesc = fileDesc;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(file);
System.out.println(fileContentType);
System.out.println(fileFileName);
System.out.println(fileDesc);
return SUCCESS;
}
}
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">DownloadAction.java</span>
package com.wul.app.action;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class DownloadAction extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String contentType;
private long contentLength;
private String contentDisposition;
private InputStream inputStream;
public InputStream getInputStream() {
return inputStream;
}
public String getContentType() {
return contentType;
}
public void setContentType(String contentType) {
this.contentType = contentType;
}
public long getContentLength() {
return contentLength;
}
public void setContentLength(long contentLength) {
this.contentLength = contentLength;
}
public String getContentDisposition() {
return contentDisposition;
}
public void setContentDisposition(String contentDisposition) {
this.contentDisposition = contentDisposition;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
//确定各个成员变量的值
contentType = "text/html";
contentDisposition = "attachment;filename=home.html";
ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
String fileName = servletContext.getRealPath("/files/home.html");
inputStream = new FileInputStream(fileName);
contentLength = inputStream.available();
return SUCCESS;
}
}
upload.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:form action="testUpload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<s:file name="ppt" label="PPTFILE"></s:file>
<s:textfield name="pptDesc" label="PPTDesc"></s:textfield>
<s:submit></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
upload2.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
<s:form action="testUpload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<s:file name="file" label="PPTFILE"></s:file>
<s:textfield name="fileDesc[0]" label="fileDesc"></s:textfield>
<s:file name="file" label="PPTFILE"></s:file>
<s:textfield name="fileDesc[1]" label="fileDesc"></s:textfield>
<s:file name="file" label="PPTFILE"></s:file>
<s:textfield name="fileDesc[2]" label="fileDesc"></s:textfield>
<s:submit></s:submit>
</s:form>
-->
<s:debug></s:debug>
<s:form action="testUpload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" theme="simple">
<s:fielderror name="file"></s:fielderror>
PPTFILE:<s:file name="file"></s:file>
<br><br>
PPTDesc:<s:textfield name="fileDesc[0]" ></s:textfield>
<br><br>
PPTFILE:<s:file name="file" ></s:file>
<br><br>
PPTDesc:<s:textfield name="fileDesc[1]"></s:textfield>
<br><br>
<s:submit></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
download.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="testDownload">下载</a>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
success
</body>
</html>