SSH2框架搭建

转载:http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1338338871558.html

SSH框架,当今最为流行的项目开发框架,那么掌握他的第一步自然是学习如何配置环境,java Web开发的无论哪种框架都离不开各种xml配置,虽然说配置在网上到处都有,但是要成为高手,必须要明白配置中每一部分的意义,分析它的规律,因此走好这第一步至关重要。

SSH分为SSH1和SSH2,区别主要在于Struts的版本,即Struts1和Struts2,Struts1与Struts2在配置上有所差别,但每一步配置的意义区别不大。对于Struts1框架的搭建我已经在之前的文章介绍过了:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6897757

这回主要为大家介绍的是基于Struts2的SSH2框架搭建。

我们在搭建框架之前,首先一定要注意各个框架的版本,不同的版本集成方式和所需的jar包是有区别的。

SSH2框架的版本为:struts-2.2.3 + spring-2.5.6 + hibernate-3.6.8

1.  所需jar包

struts2:

struts2-core-2.2.3.jar

struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar

xwork-core-2.2.3.jar

commons-io-2.0.1.jar

commons-lang-2.5.jar

commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar

freemarker-2.3.16.jar

ognl-3.0.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar(hibernate同样需要)

spring:

spring.jar

commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

common-annotations.jar

aspectjrt.jar

aspectjweaver.jar

cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar

(如果用BasicDataSource来配置数据库连接,还要加入以下2个包)

commons-dbcp.jar

commons-pool.jar

hibernate:

hibernate3.jar

hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar

antlr-2.7.6.jar

commons-collections-3.1.jar

dom4j-1.6.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar

jta-1.1.jar

slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar(这个jar包要去slf4j官网下载slf4j-1.6.4集成包)

jdbc:

ojdbc14.jar(oracle)

2. web.xml配置

001<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
002<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
003  <display-name>testSSH</display-name>
004  <welcome-file-list>
005    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
006  </welcome-file-list>
007   
008
009  <!-- 配置资源 -->
010  <context-param>
011    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
012    <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
013  </context-param>
014
015  <!-- 配置自定义filter,并由spring管理 -->
016  <!--
017  <filter>
018    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
019    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
020    <init-param>
021      <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
022      <param-value>true</param-value>
023    </init-param>
024    <init-param>
025      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
026      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
027    </init-param>
028  </filter>
029   
030
031  <filter-mapping>
032    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
033    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
034  </filter-mapping>
035   -->
036   
037
038  <!-- 配置CharacterEncoding,设置字符集 -->
039  <filter>
040    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
041    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
042    <init-param>
043      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
044      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
045    </init-param>
046    <init-param>
047      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
048      <param-value>true</param-value>
049    </init-param>
050  </filter>
051
052  <filter-mapping>
053    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
054    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
055  </filter-mapping>
056
057  <!-- 将HibernateSession开关控制配置在Filter,保证一个请求一个session,并对lazy提供支持 -->
058  <filter>
059    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
060    <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
061    <init-param>
062      <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
063      <param-value>true</param-value>
064    </init-param>
065  </filter>
066
067  <filter-mapping>
068    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
069    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
070  </filter-mapping>
071
072   
073  <!-- 配置struts2 -->
074  <filter>
075    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
076    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
077    <init-param>
078        <param-name>config</param-name>
079        <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/config/struts.xml</param-value>
080    </init-param>
081  </filter>
082
083  <filter-mapping>
084    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
085    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
086  </filter-mapping>
087   
088
089  <!-- 配置spring -->
090  <listener>
091    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
092  </listener>
093   
094
095  <!-- 页面session配置 -->
096  <session-config>
097    <session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
098  </session-config>
099   
100
101  <!-- 错误页面 -->
102  <error-page>
103    <error-code>404</error-code>
104    <location>/error404.html</location>
105  </error-page>
106</web-app>

 注意:

① 配置自定义filter即DelegatingFilterProxy时,参数targetFilterLifecycle设为true是将filter放入web容器中成为真正意义上的filter。否则只是个代理filter,不具有filter的生命周期,因此无法执行filter的init、destroy方法。因为统一交由spring管理,所以在spring资源配置文件(如applicationContext.xml)中必须相应的并且名称为myFilter的bean。

② OpenSessionInViewFilter要将参数singleSession设置为true,否则意义不大。

③ 配置struts2建议采用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter。struts.xml默认放在src根目录下,若想放置到其他地方还要将struts-default.xml和struts-plugin.xml一同配置下,否则在于其他框架结合时(如spring)就会报错。配置struts2的filter标签要放到所有filter标签的最下面,否则会有问题。

3. struts.xml配置

01<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
02          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
03          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
04<struts>
05    <!-- 将Action的创建交给spring来管理 -->
06    <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
07
08    <!-- 更改struts2请求Action的后缀名,默认为action。若想去掉后缀,设为","即可 -->
09    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>
10
11    <package name="struts" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
12        <!-- 配置拦截器 -->
13        <interceptors>
14            <interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="myInterceptor"></interceptor>
15            <interceptor-stack name="myDefult">
16                <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
17                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
18            </interceptor-stack>
19        </interceptors>
20
21        <action name="myLogin" class="loginAction">
22            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
23            <result name="error" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
24        </action>
25
26        <action name="testSession" class="sessionAction">
27            <interceptor-ref name="myDefult"></interceptor-ref>
28            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
29            <result name="error" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
30        </action>
31    </package>
32</struts>

注意:

① 执行完自定义拦截器后,还要执行struts2默认的拦截器defaultStack,否则可能会出错。

② action标签的class属性,与spring结合后要写成spring中bean的名称name。

4. applicationContext.xml

01<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
02<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
03    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
04    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
05    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
06    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
07    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
08        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
09        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
11    <!-- 启用spring注解支持 -->
12    <context:annotation-config/>
13     
14    <!-- 第一种方法配置sessionFactory -->
15    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
16        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
17    </bean>
18     
19    <!-- 第二种方法配置sessionFactory
20    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
21        <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
22        <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:wang"/>
23        <property name="username" value="wang"/>
24        <property name="password" value="wang"/>
25    </bean>
26     
27    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
28        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
29         
30        <property name="hibernateProperties">
31            <props>
32                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>
33                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
34            </props>
35        </property>
36         
37        <property name="mappingLocations">
38            <list>
39                <value>classpath:test/entity/User.hbm.xml</value>
40            </list>
41        </property>
42    </bean>
43     -->
44     
45    <!-- 第一种方法配置事务 -->
46    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
47        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
48    </bean>
49     
50    <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
51        <tx:attributes>
52            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
53            <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="MyException"/>
54            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
55            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
56        </tx:attributes>
57    </tx:advice>
58     
59    <aop:config>
60        <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods" expression="execution(* test.dao.*.*(..))"/>
61        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/>
62    </aop:config>
63     
64    <!-- 第二种方法配置事务
65    <bean id="transactionProxy" class= "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
66    必须为true时CGLIB才不用强制编写DAO接口
67        <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" />
68        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
69        <property name="transactionAttributes">
70            <props>
71                <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -Exception</prop>
72                <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +MyException</prop>
73                <prop key="update">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
74                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
75            </props>
76        </property>
77    </bean>
78
79    <bean id="userService" parent="transactionProxy">
80        <property name="target" ref="iUserService"></property>
81    </bean>
82     
83    <bean id="iUserService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
84     -->
85     
86    <bean id="userService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
87     
88    <bean id="userDao" class="test.dao.UserDaoImpl">
89        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
90    </bean>
91     
92    <!-- spring管理的自定义filter -->
93    <bean id="myFilter" class="test.service.MyFilter"></bean>
94     
95    <!-- spring管理struts2的Action -->
96    <bean id="loginAction" class="test.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
97    <bean id="sessionAction" class="test.action.SessionAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
98    <bean id="myInterceptor" class="test.service.MyInterceptor" scope="prototype"></bean>
99</beans>

注意:

① 配置事务时,如果事务是与含有sessionFactory的DAO层关联的话,要将<aop:config>标签的proxy-target-class属性设为true(第二种方法是proxyTargetClass属性),否则就会报错

② 采用Resource或Autowired注解时,bean中无需配置property属性标签。

③ 采用第二种方法配置sessionFactory时,还需要另外引入两个包(详见上述“所需jar”部分)。

5. filter与拦截器

● MyFilter.java

01package test.service;
02
03import java.io.IOException;
04
05import javax.servlet.Filter;
06import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
07import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
08import javax.servlet.ServletException;
09import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
10import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
11
12public class MyFilter implements Filter {
13
14    private String encoding;
15
16    @Override
17    public void destroy() {
18
19    }
20
21    @Override
22    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
23        request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
24        response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
25        chain.doFilter(request, response);
26    }
27
28    @Override
29    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
30        System.out.println("========" + config.getInitParameter("encoding") + "========");
31        encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding");
32    }
33}

● MyInterceptor.java

01package test.service;
02
03import java.util.Map;
04
05import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
06import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;
07
08@SuppressWarnings("serial")
09public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor{
10
11    @Override
12    public void destroy() {
13         
14    }
15
16    @Override
17    public void init() {
18         
19    }
20
21    @Override
22    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
23        Map sessionMap = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();
24        String username = (String)sessionMap.get("username");
25         
26        if (username != null) {
27            return invocation.invoke();
28        }
29        return "error";
30    }
31
32}

filter与拦截器(interceptor)的区别:

二者不论从结构还是功能都非常相似,但是二者是有区别的,:

① filter是基于servlet容器的,而interceptor仅限于struts2,因此filter的作用域要远大于interceptor。

② filter中doFilter方法是基于回调函数,而interceptor中intercept方法则是基于java反射。

③ filter的功能要远大于interceptor,filter除了过滤请求外通过通配符可以保护页面,图片,文件,还可以进行加密、安全过滤、权限管理等等,而Interceptor基本只能过滤请求。

④ filter拦截请求的粒度较粗,interceptor拦截请求的粒度较细。

6. action层

● LoginAction.java

01package test.action;
02
03import javax.annotation.Resource;
04import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
05
06import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
07
08import test.entity.User;
09import test.service.IUserService;
10
11import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
12
13@SuppressWarnings("serial")
14public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
15     
16    @Resource
17    private IUserService userService;
18     
19    private String username;
20
21    private String password;
22
23    public String getUsername() {
24        return username;
25    }
26
27    public void setUsername(String username) {
28        this.username = username;
29    }
30
31    public String getPassword() {
32        return password;
33    }
34
35    public void setPassword(String password) {
36        this.password = password;
37    }
38
39    @Override
40    public String execute() throws Exception {
41        User user = new User();
42        user.setUsername(username);
43        user.setPassword(password);
44        try {
45            userService.addUser(user);
46            HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
47            request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);
48            return "success";
49        } catch (Exception e) {
50            e.printStackTrace();
51        }
52        return "error";
53    }
54}

7. service层

● UserServiceImpl.java

01package test.service;
02
03import java.util.List;
04
05import javax.annotation.Resource;
06
07import test.dao.IUserDao;
08import test.entity.User;
09
10public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{
11     
12    @Resource
13    private IUserDao userDao;
14
15    @Override
16    public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
17        userDao.addUser(user);
18        if (!"admin".equals(user.getUsername()) || !"admin".equals(user.getPassword())) {
19            throw new Exception();
20        }
21    }
22
23    @Override
24    public boolean updateUser(User user) {
25        return false;
26    }
27
28    @Override
29    public boolean delUser(String username) {
30        return false;
31    }
32
33    @Override
34    public List<User> findAllUser() {
35        return null;
36    }
37}

接口因为很简单,就不展示了,这里我将filter和拦截器也放到了service层,仅是个示例而已,filter或interceptor最好单独放在一层。

8. dao层

● UserDaoImpl.java

01package test.dao;
02
03import java.util.Date;
04
05import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
06
07import test.entity.User;
08
09public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDao{
10
11    @Override
12    public void addUser(User user){
13        user.setName("wang");
14        user.setCreateTime(new Date());
15        user.setModifyTime(new Date());
16        this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
17    }
18}

9. entity层

01package test.entity;
02
03import java.util.Date;
04
05public class User {
06
07    private String username;
08     
09    private String password;
10     
11    private String name;
12     
13    private String email;
14     
15    private String tell;
16     
17    private Date createTime;
18     
19    private Date modifyTime;
20
21    public String getUsername() {
22        return username;
23    }
24
25    public void setUsername(String username) {
26        this.username = username;
27    }
28
29    public String getPassword() {
30        return password;
31    }
32
33    public void setPassword(String password) {
34        this.password = password;
35    }
36
37    public String getName() {
38        return name;
39    }
40
41    public void setName(String name) {
42        this.name = name;
43    }
44
45    public String getEmail() {
46        return email;
47    }
48
49    public void setEmail(String email) {
50        this.email = email;
51    }
52
53    public String getTell() {
54        return tell;
55    }
56
57    public void setTell(String tell) {
58        this.tell = tell;
59    }
60
61    public Date getCreateTime() {
62        return createTime;
63    }
64
65    public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
66        this.createTime = createTime;
67    }
68
69    public Date getModifyTime() {
70        return modifyTime;
71    }
72
73    public void setModifyTime(Date modifyTime) {
74        this.modifyTime = modifyTime;
75    }
76}

这里其实提到用到了很多的知识点,需要学习和深入的地方很多,希望通过本篇的引领的为大家打开一扇窗户。

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