转载:http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1338338871558.html
SSH框架,当今最为流行的项目开发框架,那么掌握他的第一步自然是学习如何配置环境,java Web开发的无论哪种框架都离不开各种xml配置,虽然说配置在网上到处都有,但是要成为高手,必须要明白配置中每一部分的意义,分析它的规律,因此走好这第一步至关重要。
SSH分为SSH1和SSH2,区别主要在于Struts的版本,即Struts1和Struts2,Struts1与Struts2在配置上有所差别,但每一步配置的意义区别不大。对于Struts1框架的搭建我已经在之前的文章介绍过了:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6897757
这回主要为大家介绍的是基于Struts2的SSH2框架搭建。
我们在搭建框架之前,首先一定要注意各个框架的版本,不同的版本集成方式和所需的jar包是有区别的。
SSH2框架的版本为:struts-2.2.3 + spring-2.5.6 + hibernate-3.6.8
1. 所需jar包
struts2:
struts2-core-2.2.3.jar
struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar
xwork-core-2.2.3.jar
commons-io-2.0.1.jar
commons-lang-2.5.jar
commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar
freemarker-2.3.16.jar
ognl-3.0.1.jar
javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar(hibernate同样需要)
spring:
spring.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
common-annotations.jar
aspectjrt.jar
aspectjweaver.jar
cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar
(如果用BasicDataSource来配置数据库连接,还要加入以下2个包)
commons-dbcp.jar
commons-pool.jar
hibernate:
hibernate3.jar
hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar
antlr-2.7.6.jar
commons-collections-3.1.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar
jta-1.1.jar
slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar
slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar(这个jar包要去slf4j官网下载slf4j-1.6.4集成包)
jdbc:
ojdbc14.jar(oracle)
2. web.xml配置
001 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
002 | < web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id = "WebApp_ID" version = "2.5" > |
003 | < display-name >testSSH</ display-name > |
005 | < welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file > |
011 | < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > |
012 | < param-value >classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</ param-value > |
040 | < filter-name >characterEncodingFilter</ filter-name > |
041 | < filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</ filter-class > |
043 | < param-name >encoding</ param-name > |
044 | < param-value >UTF-8</ param-value > |
047 | < param-name >forceEncoding</ param-name > |
048 | < param-value >true</ param-value > |
053 | < filter-name >characterEncodingFilter</ filter-name > |
054 | < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > |
059 | < filter-name >hibernateFilter</ filter-name > |
060 | < filter-class >org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</ filter-class > |
062 | < param-name >singleSession</ param-name > |
063 | < param-value >true</ param-value > |
068 | < filter-name >hibernateFilter</ filter-name > |
069 | < url-pattern >*.do</ url-pattern > |
075 | < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > |
076 | < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</ filter-class > |
078 | < param-name >config</ param-name > |
079 | < param-value >struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/config/struts.xml</ param-value > |
084 | < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > |
085 | < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > |
091 | < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > |
097 | < session-timeout >20</ session-timeout > |
103 | < error-code >404</ error-code > |
104 | < location >/error404.html</ location > |
注意:
① 配置自定义filter即DelegatingFilterProxy时,参数targetFilterLifecycle设为true是将filter放入web容器中成为真正意义上的filter。否则只是个代理filter,不具有filter的生命周期,因此无法执行filter的init、destroy方法。因为统一交由spring管理,所以在spring资源配置文件(如applicationContext.xml)中必须相应的并且名称为myFilter的bean。
② OpenSessionInViewFilter要将参数singleSession设置为true,否则意义不大。
③ 配置struts2建议采用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter。struts.xml默认放在src根目录下,若想放置到其他地方还要将struts-default.xml和struts-plugin.xml一同配置下,否则在于其他框架结合时(如spring)就会报错。配置struts2的filter标签要放到所有filter标签的最下面,否则会有问题。
3. struts.xml配置
01 | <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC |
02 | "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" |
03 | "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> |
06 | < constant name = "struts.objectFactory" value = "spring" /> |
09 | < constant name = "struts.action.extension" value = "do" ></ constant > |
11 | < package name = "struts" namespace = "/" extends = "struts-default" > |
14 | < interceptor name = "myInterceptor" class = "myInterceptor" ></ interceptor > |
15 | < interceptor-stack name = "myDefult" > |
16 | < interceptor-ref name = "myInterceptor" ></ interceptor-ref > |
17 | < interceptor-ref name = "defaultStack" ></ interceptor-ref > |
21 | < action name = "myLogin" class = "loginAction" > |
22 | < result name = "success" >/success.jsp</ result > |
23 | < result name = "error" type = "redirect" >/index.jsp</ result > |
26 | < action name = "testSession" class = "sessionAction" > |
27 | < interceptor-ref name = "myDefult" ></ interceptor-ref > |
28 | < result name = "success" >/success.jsp</ result > |
29 | < result name = "error" type = "redirect" >/login.jsp</ result > |
注意:
① 执行完自定义拦截器后,还要执行struts2默认的拦截器defaultStack,否则可能会出错。
② action标签的class属性,与spring结合后要写成spring中bean的名称name。
4. applicationContext.xml
01 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
02 | < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
03 | xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
04 | xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
05 | xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
06 | xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" |
07 | xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd |
08 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd |
09 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd |
10 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> |
12 | < context:annotation-config /> |
15 | < bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > |
16 | < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml" ></ property > |
46 | < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > |
47 | < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
50 | < tx:advice id = "txadvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager" > |
52 | < tx:method name = "add*" propagation = "REQUIRED" rollback-for = "Exception" /> |
53 | < tx:method name = "del*" propagation = "REQUIRED" no-rollback-for = "MyException" /> |
54 | < tx:method name = "update*" propagation = "REQUIRED" /> |
55 | < tx:method name = "*" propagation = "REQUIRED" read-only = "true" /> |
60 | < aop:pointcut id = "daoMethods" expression = "execution(* test.dao.*.*(..))" /> |
61 | < aop:advisor advice-ref = "txadvice" pointcut-ref = "daoMethods" /> |
86 | < bean id = "userService" class = "test.service.UserServiceImpl" ></ bean > |
88 | < bean id = "userDao" class = "test.dao.UserDaoImpl" > |
89 | < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> |
93 | < bean id = "myFilter" class = "test.service.MyFilter" ></ bean > |
96 | < bean id = "loginAction" class = "test.action.LoginAction" scope = "prototype" ></ bean > |
97 | < bean id = "sessionAction" class = "test.action.SessionAction" scope = "prototype" ></ bean > |
98 | < bean id = "myInterceptor" class = "test.service.MyInterceptor" scope = "prototype" ></ bean > |
注意:
① 配置事务时,如果事务是与含有sessionFactory的DAO层关联的话,要将<aop:config>标签的proxy-target-class属性设为true(第二种方法是proxyTargetClass属性),否则就会报错
② 采用Resource或Autowired注解时,bean中无需配置property属性标签。
③ 采用第二种方法配置sessionFactory时,还需要另外引入两个包(详见上述“所需jar”部分)。
5. filter与拦截器
● MyFilter.java
03 | import java.io.IOException; |
05 | import javax.servlet.Filter; |
06 | import javax.servlet.FilterChain; |
07 | import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; |
08 | import javax.servlet.ServletException; |
09 | import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; |
10 | import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; |
12 | public class MyFilter implements Filter { |
14 | private String encoding; |
17 | public void destroy() { |
22 | public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { |
23 | request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); |
24 | response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); |
25 | chain.doFilter(request, response); |
29 | public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException { |
30 | System.out.println( "========" + config.getInitParameter( "encoding" ) + "========" ); |
31 | encoding = config.getInitParameter( "encoding" ); |
● MyInterceptor.java
05 | import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; |
06 | import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor; |
08 | @SuppressWarnings ( "serial" ) |
09 | public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor{ |
12 | public void destroy() { |
22 | public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { |
23 | Map sessionMap = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession(); |
24 | String username = (String)sessionMap.get( "username" ); |
26 | if (username != null ) { |
27 | return invocation.invoke(); |
filter与拦截器(interceptor)的区别:
二者不论从结构还是功能都非常相似,但是二者是有区别的,:
① filter是基于servlet容器的,而interceptor仅限于struts2,因此filter的作用域要远大于interceptor。
② filter中doFilter方法是基于回调函数,而interceptor中intercept方法则是基于java反射。
③ filter的功能要远大于interceptor,filter除了过滤请求外通过通配符可以保护页面,图片,文件,还可以进行加密、安全过滤、权限管理等等,而Interceptor基本只能过滤请求。
④ filter拦截请求的粒度较粗,interceptor拦截请求的粒度较细。
6. action层
● LoginAction.java
03 | import javax.annotation.Resource; |
04 | import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; |
06 | import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; |
08 | import test.entity.User; |
09 | import test.service.IUserService; |
11 | import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; |
13 | @SuppressWarnings ( "serial" ) |
14 | public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport { |
17 | private IUserService userService; |
19 | private String username; |
21 | private String password; |
23 | public String getUsername() { |
27 | public void setUsername(String username) { |
28 | this .username = username; |
31 | public String getPassword() { |
35 | public void setPassword(String password) { |
36 | this .password = password; |
40 | public String execute() throws Exception { |
41 | User user = new User(); |
42 | user.setUsername(username); |
43 | user.setPassword(password); |
45 | userService.addUser(user); |
46 | HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest(); |
47 | request.getSession().setAttribute( "username" , username); |
49 | } catch (Exception e) { |
7. service层
● UserServiceImpl.java
05 | import javax.annotation.Resource; |
07 | import test.dao.IUserDao; |
08 | import test.entity.User; |
10 | public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{ |
13 | private IUserDao userDao; |
16 | public void addUser(User user) throws Exception { |
17 | userDao.addUser(user); |
18 | if (! "admin" .equals(user.getUsername()) || ! "admin" .equals(user.getPassword())) { |
19 | throw new Exception(); |
24 | public boolean updateUser(User user) { |
29 | public boolean delUser(String username) { |
34 | public List<User> findAllUser() { |
接口因为很简单,就不展示了,这里我将filter和拦截器也放到了service层,仅是个示例而已,filter或interceptor最好单独放在一层。
8. dao层
● UserDaoImpl.java
05 | import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; |
07 | import test.entity.User; |
09 | public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDao{ |
12 | public void addUser(User user){ |
14 | user.setCreateTime( new Date()); |
15 | user.setModifyTime( new Date()); |
16 | this .getHibernateTemplate().save(user); |
9. entity层
07 | private String username; |
09 | private String password; |
17 | private Date createTime; |
19 | private Date modifyTime; |
21 | public String getUsername() { |
25 | public void setUsername(String username) { |
26 | this .username = username; |
29 | public String getPassword() { |
33 | public void setPassword(String password) { |
34 | this .password = password; |
37 | public String getName() { |
41 | public void setName(String name) { |
45 | public String getEmail() { |
49 | public void setEmail(String email) { |
53 | public String getTell() { |
57 | public void setTell(String tell) { |
61 | public Date getCreateTime() { |
65 | public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) { |
66 | this .createTime = createTime; |
69 | public Date getModifyTime() { |
73 | public void setModifyTime(Date modifyTime) { |
74 | this .modifyTime = modifyTime; |
这里其实提到用到了很多的知识点,需要学习和深入的地方很多,希望通过本篇的引领的为大家打开一扇窗户。