Spring事务配置详解

由于好长时间没用SSH2，今天搭建一个小的项目熟悉熟悉，注册用户时发现系统和数据库无法同步，添加的数据不能立刻保存到数据库，只有重新部署或者重新 启动项目才能保存，上网查了一下，发现Spring事务没有配置。本以为是件很easy的事情，但后来发现没想象的那么容易，可能是以前学习spring 时，事务这方面根本就没有关注过，所以造成今天很难理解的局面。不过好在最后弄懂了（在网上查到spring事务配置有好多种，我只用了其中的两种），为 了让还没有弄懂的童鞋们不至于摸不着头脑，就把网上那篇流传很久的配置，加上自己的理解，献给大家。

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、 TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为 SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager

    具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，现在我把我使用的两种配置文件写出来：

一：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ?>
< beans
   xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd" >

  <!-- 配置sessionFactory -->
   < bean id ="sessionFactory"
     class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
     < property name ="configLocation"
       value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" >
     </ property >
   </ bean >
  <!-- 配置dataSource -->
   < bean id ="dataSource"
     class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" >
     < property name ="driverClassName"
       value ="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" >
     </ property >
     < property name ="url"
       value ="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl" >
     </ property >
     < property name ="username" value ="langxi" > </ property >
     < property name ="password" value ="hello" > </ property >
   </ bean >
  <!-- 定义事务管理器 -->
   < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
     < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" > </ property >
   </ bean >
  <!--     lazy-init详解
  <beans>
    <bean id="b1"    lazy-init="true"/>
    <bean id="b2"    lazy-init="false">
      <property name="b1" ref="b1"/>
    </bean>
  </beans>
  以上两个bean的区别是：当IOC容器启动时，b2会实例化，而b1不会被实例化，但是容易实例化b2时也把b1实例化了
  原因是b2需要b1，也就是说lazy-init为“true”的bean,IOC容器启动时不会被实例化，只有当需要用时才会被实例化
  好处是lazy-init提高容器效率，对于不需要的bean可以先不管  
     -->
  <!-- abstract="true" 抽象bean、该bean不会被实例化（提高效率），只是一个模板，用来作为父类，其他bean可以继承（parent）它 -->
   < bean id ="transactionBase" class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" >
      <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
     < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" > </ property >
      <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
     < property name ="transactionAttributes" >
       < props >
         < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
       </ props >
     </ property >
   </ bean >
  
   < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.user.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" >
     < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" > </ property >
   </ bean >
  <!-- 以前的写法 和现在相比就是中间又加了一层关系
  <bean id="userDao" class="com.user.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
  </bean>
     -->
   < bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" >
     < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" > </ property >
   </ bean >
   < bean id ="userService" class ="com.user.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" >
     < property name ="userDao" ref ="userDao" > </ property >
   </ bean >
   < bean id ="loginAction" class ="com.user.action.LoginAction" >
     < property name ="userService" ref ="userService" > </ property >
   </ bean >
   </ beans >

二：使用拦截器 

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ?>
< beans
   xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd" >

  <!-- 配置sessionFactory -->
   < bean id ="sessionFactory"
     class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
     < property name ="configLocation"
       value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" >
     </ property >
   </ bean >
  <!-- 配置dataSource -->
   < bean id ="dataSource"
     class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" >
     < property name ="driverClassName"
       value ="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" >
     </ property >
     < property name ="url"
       value ="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl" >
     </ property >
     < property name ="username" value ="langxi" > </ property >
     < property name ="password" value ="hello" > </ property >
   </ bean >
  <!-- 定义事务管理 -->
   < bean id ="transactionManager" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
     < property name ="sessionFactory" >
       < ref local ="sessionFactory" />
     </ property >
   </ bean >
  
   < bean id ="transactionInterceptor"     
                 class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >     
                 <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
                 < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />     
                 <!-- 配置事务属性 -->    
                 < property name ="transactionAttributes" >     
                         < props >     
                                 < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >     
                         </ props >     
                 </ property >     
     </ bean >     
     < bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >     
                 < property name ="beanNames" >     
                         < list >     
                                 < value > *Dao </ value >
                         </ list >     
                 </ property >     
                 < property name ="interceptorNames" >     
                         < list >     
                                 < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >     
                         </ list >     
                 </ property >     
         </ bean >     
   < bean id ="userDao" class ="com.user.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" >
     < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" > </ property >
   </ bean >
   < bean id ="userService" class ="com.user.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" >
     < property name ="userDao" ref ="userDao" > </ property >
   </ bean >
   < bean id ="loginAction" class ="com.user.action.LoginAction" >
     < property name ="userService" ref ="userService" > </ property >
   </ bean >
   </ beans >