MySQL系列复习（8）排序和分页（order by、limit）

环境：mysql5.7.30，cmd命令中进⾏演⽰。
代码中被[]包含的表⽰可选，|符号分开的表⽰可选其⼀。

1、排序查询（order by）

电商中：我们想查看今天所有成交的订单，按照交易额从⾼到低排序，此时我们可以使⽤数据库中的排序功能来完成。
排序语法：
select 字段名 from 表名 order by 字段1 [asc|desc],字段2 [asc|desc];
需要排序的字段跟在 order by 之后；
asc|desc表⽰排序的规则，asc：升序，desc：降序，默认为asc；
⽀持多个字段进⾏排序，多字段排序之间⽤逗号隔开。

1.1、单字段排序

mysql> create table test2(a int,b varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> insert into test2 values(10,'jack'),(8,'tom'),(5,'ready'),(100,'javacode');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test2;
+------+----------+
| a    | b        |
+------+----------+
|   10 | jack     |
|    8 | tom      |
|    5 | ready    |
|  100 | javacode |
+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test2 order by a;
+------+----------+
| a    | b        |
+------+----------+
|    5 | ready    |
|    8 | tom      |
|   10 | jack     |
|  100 | javacode |
+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test2 order by a asc;
+------+----------+
| a    | b        |
+------+----------+
|    5 | ready    |
|    8 | tom      |
|   10 | jack     |
|  100 | javacode |
+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test2 order by a desc;
+------+----------+
| a    | b        |
+------+----------+
|  100 | javacode |
|   10 | jack     |
|    8 | tom      |
|    5 | ready    |
+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

1.2、多字段排序

比如学⽣表，先按学⽣年龄降序，年龄相同时，再按学号升序，如下：

mysql> create table stu(id int not null comment '学号' primary key,age tinyint not null comment '年龄',name varchar(16) comment '姓名');       ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> insert into stu (id,age,name) values (1001,18,'myron'),(1005,20,'刘德华'),(1003,18,'张学友'),(1004,20,'张国荣'),(1010,19,'梁朝伟');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+-----+-----------+
| id   | age | name      |
+------+-----+-----------+
| 1001 |  18 | myron     |
| 1003 |  18 | 张学友    |
| 1004 |  20 | 张国荣    |
| 1005 |  20 | 刘德华    |
| 1010 |  19 | 梁朝伟    |
+------+-----+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stu order by age desc,id asc;
+------+-----+-----------+
| id   | age | name      |
+------+-----+-----------+
| 1004 |  20 | 张国荣    |
| 1005 |  20 | 刘德华    |
| 1010 |  19 | 梁朝伟    |
| 1001 |  18 | myron     |
| 1003 |  18 | 张学友    |
+------+-----+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

1.3、按别名排序

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+-----+-----------+
| id   | age | name      |
+------+-----+-----------+
| 1001 |  18 | myron     |
| 1003 |  18 | 张学友    |
| 1004 |  20 | 张国荣    |
| 1005 |  20 | 刘德华    |
| 1010 |  19 | 梁朝伟    |
+------+-----+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select age '年龄',id as '学号' from stu order by 年龄 asc,学号 desc;
+--------+--------+
| 年龄   | 学号   |
+--------+--------+
|     18 |   1003 |
|     18 |   1001 |
|     19 |   1010 |
|     20 |   1005 |
|     20 |   1004 |
+--------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

1.4、按函数排序

有学⽣表（id：编号，birth：出⽣⽇期，name：姓名），如下：

mysql> drop table if exists student;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table student(
    ->   id int(11) not null comment '学号',
    ->   birth date not null comment '出生日期',
    ->   name varchar(16) default null comment '姓名',
    ->   primary key(id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| birth | date        | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(16) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into student (id,birth,name) values(1001,'1990-10-10','myron'),(1005,'1960-03-01','刘德华'),(1003,'1960-08-16','张学友'),(1004,'1968-07-01','张国荣'),(1010,'1962-05-16','梁朝伟');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;
+------+------------+-----------+
| id   | birth      | name      |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 1001 | 1990-10-10 | myron     |
| 1003 | 1960-08-16 | 张学友    |
| 1004 | 1968-07-01 | 张国荣    |
| 1005 | 1960-03-01 | 刘德华    |
| 1010 | 1962-05-16 | 梁朝伟    |
+------+------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select id 编号,birth 出生日期,year(birth) 出生日期,name 姓名 from student order by year(birth) asc,id asc;
+--------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| 编号   | 出生日期     | 出生日期     | 姓名      |
+--------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|   1003 | 1960-08-16   |         1960 | 张学友    |
|   1005 | 1960-03-01   |         1960 | 刘德华    |
|   1010 | 1962-05-16   |         1962 | 梁朝伟    |
|   1004 | 1968-07-01   |         1968 | 张国荣    |
|   1001 | 1990-10-10   |         1990 | myron     |
+--------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

说明：
year函数：属于⽇期函数，可以获取对应⽇期中的年份。
上⾯使⽤了2种⽅式排序，第⼀种是在order by中使⽤了函数，第⼆种是使⽤了别名排序。

1.5、where之后进行排序

有订单数据如下：