第十五章 Spring Data JPA

      Java Persistence API是JDK5.0注解或 XML 描述对象——关系表的映射关系，并且将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中

 

JPA

          1. jpa项目搭建:引入相关,依赖jar包

          2. 创建持久化实体

package com.entity;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import javax.persistence.Transient;

// 声明映射数据库表,name用于指定数据表名与实体类不同之间的关系映射
@Table()
// 声明实体类,映射到指定的数据库表
@Entity
public class Student {
	/*
	 * 实体类属性映射注解 通常置于属性声明语句之前, 也可置于属性的getter方法之前
	 */
	private Integer stuno;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private String addr;
	private Date start;
	private Date bir;
	private String school;

	public Student() {
		super();
	}

	public Student(Integer stuno, String name, int age, String addr,
			Date start, Date bir, String school) {
		super();
		this.stuno = stuno;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.addr = addr;
		this.start = start;
		this.bir = bir;
		this.school = school;
	}

	// 声明实体类的属性映射为数据库的主键列
	@Id
	// 声明该映射字段在数据库中自增
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	public Integer getStuno() {
		return stuno;
	}

	public void setStuno(Integer stuno) {
		this.stuno = stuno;
	}

	// 实体的属性与其映射的数据库表的列不同名,用于设置映射数据库表的列名
	@Column(name = "sname")
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	// 表示一个简单的属性到数据库表的字段的映射
	@Basic
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	// 不写注解默认为@Basic
	public String getAddr() {
		return addr;
	}

	public void setAddr(String addr) {
		this.addr = addr;
	}

	// 进行日期映射时,设置日期精度从年到秒
	@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
	public Date getStart() {
		return start;
	}

	public void setStart(Date start) {
		this.start = start;
	}

	// 进行日期映射时,设置日期精度从年到日
	@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
	public Date getBir() {
		return bir;
	}

	public void setBir(Date bir) {
		this.bir = bir;
	}

	// 表示该属性并非一个到数据库表的字段的映射,ORM框架将忽略该属性.
	@Transient
	public String getSchool() {
		return school;
	}

	public void setSchool(String school) {
		this.school = school;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [stuno=" + stuno + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age
				+ ", addr=" + addr + ", start=" + start + ", bir=" + bir
				+ ", school=" + school + "]";
	}

}

          3. 配置持久化文件: JPA 规范要求在类路径的 META-INF 目录下放置persistence.xml，文件的名称是固定的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">

	<!-- 声明本地事务-->
	<persistence-unit name="jpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
		<!-- 配置jpa的具体实现产品,如只有一个,可默认不配置 -->
		<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
		
		<!-- 配置持久化类 -->
		<class>com.entity.Student</class>
		
		<!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
		<properties>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///mydb"/>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
			
			<!-- JPA实现产品的基本属性. 配置 hibernate基本属性 -->
			<!-- 配置是否格式化sql语句 -->
			<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
			<!-- 配置控制台是否打印sql语句 -->
			<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
			<!-- 配置是否自动更新创建表 -->
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
		</properties>
		
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

          4. 操作JPA

package com.test;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import com.entity.Student;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 1. 创建工厂-加载配置文件事务
		EntityManagerFactory emf =  Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("jpa");
		// 2. 创建EntityManager核心
		EntityManager em =  emf.createEntityManager();
		// 3. 获取事务,并开启事务
		EntityTransaction et =  em.getTransaction();
		et.begin();
		
		// CRUD操作
		// 增加数据
		Student stu = new Student(null, "Micro", 21, "NewYork", new Date(), new Date(), null);
		em.persist(stu);
		/*
		 *  查询 
		 *    find: 直接查询数据,没有查询到数据返回null
		 *    getReference:在进行使用的时候才会进行查询,没有查询到数据直接抛出异常
		 */
		stu = em.find(Student.class, 1);
		System.out.println(stu);
		em.getReference(Student.class, 1);
		System.out.println(stu);
		// 修改:如没有要修改的记录,会进行添加记录
		stu.setAge(22);
		em.merge(stu);
		// 删除:指定全记录
		em.remove(stu);
		
		// 提交事务
		et.commit();
		// 关闭
		em.close();
		emf.close();
	}
}