如何在不使用sudo情况下改变gcc版本

因为服务器上的gcc版本比较旧，但自己又没有sudo权限，所以通过修改软连接的方法来更改自己环境里的gcc版本（同时也不会影响到服务器上的其他人）

这个工作的前提是服务器上装有多个版本的gcc。

#可以看到原始路径里有这些路径
# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/SMAP/extensions [1:50:22] 
$ echo $PATH 
/home/yh/anaconda3/envs/SMAP/bin:/home/yh/anaconda3/condabin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/local/cuda/bin:/home/yh/anaconda3/bin

修改zshrc文件
# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/SMAP/extensions [1:50:27] 
$ vim ~/.zshrc 

这个路径的写法有一个需要注意的地方，由于新加入的路径里存在需要提前加载的gcc，所以要将新加入的路径写在之前的PATH之前，也就是￥HOME/.local/bin:$PATH

保存（加载zsh里面的语句）

# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/SMAP/extensions [1:53:15] 
$ zsh 

我们看到现在的路径里已经新加了这么一条路径

# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/SMAP/extensions [1:53:20] 
$ echo $PATH
/home/yh/.local/bin:/home/yh/anaconda3/envs/SMAP/bin:/home/yh/anaconda3/condabin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/local/cuda/bin:/home/yh/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/cuda/bin:/home/yh/anaconda3/bin

我们需要将gcc5升级到gcc6，查看gcc的安装位置

# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/SMAP/extensions [1:48:35] 
$ ll /usr/bin/gcc*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    5 Nov  4  2020 /usr/bin/gcc -> gcc-5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 887K Apr 11  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   22 Nov 12  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-6 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   22 Dec  4  2019 /usr/bin/gcc-7 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    8 May 20  2019 /usr/bin/gcc-ar -> gcc-ar-7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  31K Apr 11  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-ar-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   25 Nov 12  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-ar-6 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   25 Dec  4  2019 /usr/bin/gcc-ar-7 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    8 May 20  2019 /usr/bin/gcc-nm -> gcc-nm-7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  31K Apr 11  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-nm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   25 Nov 12  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-nm-6 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   25 Dec  4  2019 /usr/bin/gcc-nm-7 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   12 May 20  2019 /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib -> gcc-ranlib-7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  31K Apr 11  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   29 Nov 12  2018 /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib-6 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   29 Dec  4  2019 /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib-7 -> x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-7

#gcc原来的指向
# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/.local/bin [1:54:24] 
$ which gcc 
/usr/bin/gcc

#在加入的路径里添加gcc6的软连接
# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/.local/bin [1:53:48] 
$ ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-6 gcc  
#退出并保存
# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/.local/bin [1:54:33] 
$ exit      
(SMAP) 
# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/SMAP/extensions [1:54:34] 
$ zsh

#可以看到gcc的指向已经变了
# yh @ deepserver3 in ~/SMAP/extensions [1:54:36] 
$ which gcc
/home/yh/.local/bin/gcc