http接口测试—自动化测试框架设计

一、测试需求描述

    对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

    输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值（Json格式）

    输出：字符串（传入的方式+传入的字符串）

    http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer

二、程序设计

    1、Client程序设计

        读取Excel配置的测试用例数据

        发送参数Json格式给Server，接收Server的返回数据

        进行数据比对校验，返回测试结果，将数据插入到Excel中

   2、Server端程序设计

        接受Client的参数，进行解析

        发送返回数据给client

三、实现方法

    1、选用Java脚本来驱动测试

    2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类。

    3、调用http接口采用java自带的的API

    4、测试需要的将参数转化成字符串

    5、通过预期结果和实际结果的对比，将实际结果和对比结果写入Excel用例中，这里封装了一个类

    6、首次执行测试采用人工检查输出的是否正确，一旦正确写入Excel的期望结果中，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。

四、Excel表格设计

五、代码结构

六、实现代码

1、ExcelUtil.java

package client;


import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;


import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;


public class ExcelUtil {


//读取Excel中数据

public static List<Param> read() throws Exception{

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet();

HSSFRow row = s.createRow(0);

HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((int)0,0);


//－－－－－－－－－－－－从xls读出数据

wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream("D:\\learn\\test.xls"));

s = wb.getSheetAt(0);


//获得EXCEL行数

int rowNums=s.getLastRowNum();

//获得Excell列数

//int columnNum=r.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();


List<Param> params=new ArrayList<Param>();

for(int i=1;i<=rowNums;i++){

HSSFRow r = s.getRow(i);

cell=r.getCell(0);

Param param= new Param();

param.setNo(r.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());

param.setName(r.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());

param.setAge(r.getCell(2).getStringCellValue());

param.setSex(r.getCell(3).getStringCellValue());

param.setExpResu(r.getCell(4).getStringCellValue());

// System.out.println(cell.getRichStringCellValue());

params.add(param);

}

return params;


}


/**

* 写入Excel，在任意坐标处写入数据。

* String value：你要输入的内容

* int x ：行坐标，Excel从 0 算起

* int y ：列坐标，Excel从 0 算起

*/

public static void writeCell(String filePath,int x,int y,String value) {

try {

// 创建Excel的工作书册 Workbook,对应到一个excel文档

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(filePath));

HSSFSheet sheet=wb.getSheetAt(0);

HSSFRow row=sheet.getRow(x);

HSSFCell cell=row.getCell((short) y);

cell.setCellValue(value);

FileOutputStream os;

os = new FileOutputStream(filePath);

wb.write(os);

os.close();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}


}

}

 2、JsonsUtil.java

package client;



import java.text.ParseException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;


import org.json.JSONArray;

import org.json.JSONException;

import org.json.JSONObject;


/**

* 使用json-lib构造和解析Json数据

*/

public class JsonsUtil {


/**将Bean转换成Map

* 将Map转换Json数据

*/public static String BuildJson(Param param) throws JSONException {



Map<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();

map1.put("no", param.getNo());

map1.put("name", param.getName());

map1.put("age", param.getAge());

map1.put("sex", param.getSex());

// map1.put("expResu", param.getExpResu());

// JSON格式数据解析对象

JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();

// 将Map转换为JSONArray数据

JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();

ja.put(map1);

// System.out.println("JSONArray对象数据格式："+ja.toString());

jo.put("map", ja);

// System.out.println("最终构造的JSON数据格式："+jo.toString());

return jo.toString();


}


/**

* 解析Json数据

*

*/public static JSONArray ParseJson(String jsonString) throws JSONException,

ParseException {


JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(jsonString);

JSONArray ja = jo.getJSONArray("map");

// System.out.println(ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("name"));

return ja;

}

}

3、Param.java

package client;


public class Param {


String no;//编号

String name;//姓名

String age;//年龄

String sex;//性别

String expResu;//期望结果

String actResu;//实际结果

String pass;//是否通过

String desc;//描述


public String getName() {

return name;

}


public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}



public String getNo() {

return no;

}


public void setNo(String no) {

this.no = no;

}


public String getAge() {

return age;

}


public void setAge(String age) {

this.age = age;

}


public String getSex() {

return sex;

}


public void setSex(String sex) {

this.sex = sex;

}


public String getExpResu() {

return expResu;

}


public void setExpResu(String expResu) {

this.expResu = expResu;

}


public String getActResu() {

return actResu;

}


public void setActResu(String actResu) {

this.actResu = actResu;

}


public String getPass() {

return pass;

}


public void setPass(String pass) {

this.pass = pass;

}


public String getDesc() {

return desc;

}


public void setDesc(String desc) {

this.desc = desc;

}

}

4、CompareRes.java

package client;


public class CompareRes {


int actResuNo=5;//测试结果在第五例

int passNo=6;//对比结果在第六列


public void compare(String filePath,Param param,String actResu){


ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),actResuNo,actResu);

if(param.getExpResu().trim().equals(actResu)){

ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"Y");

}else{

ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"N");

}

}

}

5、TestClient .java

package client;


import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.URL;

import java.net.URLConnection;

import java.util.List;


public class TestClient {


public static void main(String[]agrs){

TestClient a=new TestClient();

try {

a.client();

} catch (Exception e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public void client() throws Exception{


List<Param> params = ExcelUtil.read();

for(Param pa:params){

try {

// 接报文的地址

String filePath="D:\\learn\\test.xls";

String param= new JsonsUtil().BuildJson(pa);

URL serverUrl= new URL("http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer");


URLConnection uct= serverUrl.openConnection();

HttpURLConnection hutc=(HttpURLConnection)uct;

// 设置报文参数

hutc.setRequestMethod("POST");


// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，因为这个是post请求，参数要放在 http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;

hutc.setDoOutput(true);


// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true

hutc.setDoInput(true);

// hutc.setAllowUserInteraction(true);


// 开启流，写入数据data

OutputStream out=hutc.getOutputStream();


out.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8"));

out.flush();

out.close();


// 获取返回的数据

StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();

BufferedReader reader = null;

InputStream ins=hutc.getInputStream();

reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ins,"UTF-8"));

String sg=reader.readLine();

if (sg!= null){

buffer.append(sg);

}

System.out.println("接收返回值:" + buffer);

new CompareRes().compare(filePath, pa, buffer.toString());



} catch (Exception e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}



}

}

6、TestServer

public class TestServer extends HttpServlet {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private static JSONArray ja;


/**

* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()

*/

public TestServer() {

super();

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}


/**

* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

*/

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

try {

this.excute(request, response);

} catch (Exception e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}


/**

* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

*/

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

try {

this.excute(request, response);

} catch (Exception e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}


public void excute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{

request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

response.setContentType("text/xml");

String method=request.getMethod();

String url=request.getRequestURI();

String param;

// 获取收到的报文

BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();

String line = "";

line = reader.readLine();

ja=new JsonsUtil().ParseJson(line);

StringBuffer resultBuffer=new StringBuffer();

resultBuffer.append("访问方式"+method+"访问成功");

resultBuffer.append("接收到的数据："+line);

PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();

out.println(resultBuffer.toString());

out.flush();

out.close();


}

}

7、web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

<servlet>

<servlet-name>TestServer</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>com.servlet.TestServer</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>TestServer</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/lctest/TestServer</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

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