#include ＜string＞

string 是一个标准库头文件，负责在 C++ 程序中包含字符串处理功能。

// Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 1997-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/** @file include/string
 *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
 */

//
// ISO C++ 14882: 21  Strings library
//

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_STRING
#define _GLIBCXX_STRING	1

#pragma GCC system_header

#include <bits/c++config.h>
#include <bits/stringfwd.h>
#include <bits/char_traits.h>  // NB: In turn includes stl_algobase.h
#include <bits/allocator.h>
#include <bits/cpp_type_traits.h>
#include <bits/localefwd.h>    // For operators >>, <<, and getline.
#include <bits/ostream_insert.h>
#include <bits/stl_iterator_base_types.h>
#include <bits/stl_iterator_base_funcs.h>
#include <bits/stl_iterator.h>
#include <bits/stl_function.h> // For less
#include <ext/numeric_traits.h>
#include <bits/stl_algobase.h>
#if __cplusplus > 201703L
#  include <bits/stl_algo.h> // For remove and remove_if
#endif // C++20
#include <bits/range_access.h>
#include <bits/basic_string.h>
#include <bits/basic_string.tcc>

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L && _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
  namespace pmr {
    template<typename _Tp> class polymorphic_allocator;
    template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits = char_traits<_CharT>>
      using basic_string = std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits,
					     polymorphic_allocator<_CharT>>;
    using string    = basic_string<char>;
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_CHAR8_T
    using u8string  = basic_string<char8_t>;
#endif
    using u16string = basic_string<char16_t>;
    using u32string = basic_string<char32_t>;
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
    using wstring   = basic_string<wchar_t>;
#endif
  } // namespace pmr

  template<typename _Str>
    struct __hash_string_base
    : public __hash_base<size_t, _Str>
    {
      size_t
      operator()(const _Str& __s) const noexcept
      { return hash<basic_string_view<typename _Str::value_type>>{}(__s); }
    };

  template<>
    struct hash<pmr::string>
    : public __hash_string_base<pmr::string>
    { };
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_CHAR8_T
  template<>
    struct hash<pmr::u8string>
    : public __hash_string_base<pmr::u8string>
    { };
#endif
  template<>
    struct hash<pmr::u16string>
    : public __hash_string_base<pmr::u16string>
    { };
  template<>
    struct hash<pmr::u32string>
    : public __hash_string_base<pmr::u32string>
    { };
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
  template<>
    struct hash<pmr::wstring>
    : public __hash_string_base<pmr::wstring>
    { };
#endif

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std
#endif // C++17

#if __cplusplus > 201703L
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

#define __cpp_lib_erase_if 202002L

  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc,
	   typename _Predicate>
    inline typename basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type
    erase_if(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __cont, _Predicate __pred)
    {
      const auto __osz = __cont.size();
      __cont.erase(std::remove_if(__cont.begin(), __cont.end(), __pred),
		   __cont.end());
      return __osz - __cont.size();
    }

  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc, typename _Up>
    inline typename basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type
    erase(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __cont, const _Up& __value)
    {
      const auto __osz = __cont.size();
      __cont.erase(std::remove(__cont.begin(), __cont.end(), __value),
		   __cont.end());
      return __osz - __cont.size();
    }
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std
#endif // C++20

#endif /* _GLIBCXX_STRING */

size()	返回字符串的长度（字符数）。	std::cout << str.size();
length()	与 size() 相同，返回字符串的长度。	std::cout << str.length();
empty()	判断字符串是否为空。	std::cout << (str.empty() ? "Yes" : "No");
operator[]	访问字符串中指定位置的字符。	std::cout << str[0];
at()	访问字符串中指定位置的字符（带边界检查）。	std::cout << str.at(0);
substr()	返回从指定位置开始的子字符串。	std::string sub = str.substr(0, 5);
find()	查找子字符串在字符串中的位置。	std::cout << str.find("sub") << std::endl;
rfind()	从字符串末尾开始查找子字符串的位置。	std::cout << str.rfind("sub") << std::endl;
replace()	替换字符串中的部分内容。	str.replace(pos, length, "new_substring");
append()	在字符串末尾添加内容。	str.append(" more");
insert()	在指定位置插入内容。	str.insert(pos, "inserted");
erase()	删除指定位置的字符或子字符串。	str.erase(pos, length);
clear()	清空字符串。	str.clear();
c_str()	返回 C 风格的字符串（以 null 结尾）。	const char* cstr = str.c_str();
data()	返回指向字符数据的指针（C++11 及之后的版本）。	const char* data = str.data();
compare()	比较两个字符串。	int result = str.compare("other");
find_first_of()	查找第一个匹配任意字符的位置。	size_t pos = str.find_first_of("aeiou");
find_last_of()	查找最后一个匹配任意字符的位置。	size_t pos = str.find_last_of("aeiou");
find_first_not_of()	查找第一个不匹配任意字符的位置。	size_t pos = str.find_first_not_of("aeiou");
find_last_not_of()	查找最后一个不匹配任意字符的位置。	size_t pos = str.find_last_not_of("aeiou");