【C++】【记录自己的自学过程】第十六章 string类和标准模板库 编程练习 第七题

题目：彩票卡是一个常见的游戏。卡片上是带编号的原点，其中一些圆点被随机选中。编写一个lotto()函数，它接受两个参数，第一个参数是彩票卡上圆点的个数，第二个参数是随机选择圆点个数。该函数返回vector对象，其中包含（按排序后的顺序）随机选择的号码。例如，可以这样使用该函数：
vector< i n t >winners;
winners=Lotto(51,6);
这样将把一个矢量赋给winners，该矢量包含1~51中随机选定的6个数子，注意，仅仅使用rand()无法完成这项任务，因它会随机生成重复的值。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<set>
#include<ctime>
std::vector<int>Lotto(int sum, int size);
std::vector<int>Lotto2(int sum, int size);
int main()
{
	std::vector<int>winners;
	int qujie;
	int sum;
	std::cout << "输入随机数区间; ";
	std::cin >> qujie;
	while (!std::cin)
	{
		std::cin.clear();
		while (std::cin.get() != '\n')
			continue;
		std::cout << "请从新输入(输入值为(int)); ";
		std::cin >> qujie;
	}
	std::cout << "输入随机值的数量; ";
	std::cin >> sum;
	while (!std::cin)
	{
		std::cin.clear();
		while (std::cin.get() != '\n')
			continue;
		std::cout << "请从新输入(输入值为(int)); ";
		std::cin >> sum;
	}
	winners = Lotto2(qujie, sum);
	std::cout << "结果值为; ";
	std::copy(winners.begin(), winners.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int, char>(std::cout, " "));
	std::cout << std::endl;
	std::cin.get();
	return false;
}
std::vector<int>Lotto(int sum, int size)
{
	std::vector<int>winners;
	std::srand(time(0));
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		winners.push_back(rand() % sum);
	std::sort(winners.begin(), winners.end());
	auto last = std::unique(winners.begin(), winners.end());
	winners.erase(last, winners.end());
	while (winners.size() != size)
	{
		winners.push_back(rand() % sum);
		std::sort(winners.begin(), winners.end());
		auto last = std::unique(winners.begin(), winners.end());
		winners.erase(last, winners.end());
	}
	return winners;
}
std::vector<int>Lotto2(int sum, int size)
{
	std::set<int>rongqi;
	std::vector<int>winners;
	while (rongqi.size() != size)
		rongqi.insert(rand() % sum);
	for (auto pr = rongqi.begin(); pr != rongqi.end(); ++pr)
		winners.push_back(*pr);
	return winners;
}

使用了两个Lotto函数，分别是Lotto和Lotto2，他们处理的效果相同，但Lotto2处理方式胜于Lotto

Lotto

std::vector<int>Lotto(int sum, int size)
{
	std::vector<int>winners;
	std::srand(time(0));
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		winners.push_back(rand() % sum);
	std::sort(winners.begin(), winners.end());
	auto last = std::unique(winners.begin(), winners.end());
	winners.erase(last, winners.end());
	while (winners.size() != size)
	{
		winners.push_back(rand() % sum);
		std::sort(winners.begin(), winners.end());
		auto last = std::unique(winners.begin(), winners.end());
		winners.erase(last, winners.end());
	}
	return winners;
}

Lotto2

std::vector<int>Lotto2(int sum, int size)
{
	std::set<int>rongqi;
	std::vector<int>winners;
	while (rongqi.size() != size)
		rongqi.insert(rand() % sum);
	for (auto pr = rongqi.begin(); pr != rongqi.end(); ++pr)
		winners.push_back(*pr);
	return winners;
}