Chapter 5：UIKit Dynamics - iOS 8 Swift Programming cookBook 读书笔记

基本概念

Apple定义了behavior类（iOS7 and up），可以很容易的实现重力，碰撞等特效。
-UICollisionBehavior： 提供碰撞检测
-UIGravityBehavior：重力
-UIPushBehavior：可以在你的view上模拟推的动作，比如：把你的手指放在屏幕上，推动一个小方块
-UISnapBehavior： 把一个view sanp到一个点上
对每一个动态behavior，都需要attach到一个animator（UIDynamicAnimator），而animator使用reference view的坐标系统。

5.1 添加重力

步骤：

1. 初始化一个UIGravityBehavior；
2. 添加它到你的UI component上；
3. 创建一个UIDynamicAnimator；
4. 把UIGravityBehavior添加到animator上；

var squareView: UIView?
    var animator: UIDynamicAnimator?
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        squareView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 100))

        if let theSquareView = squareView {
            theSquareView.backgroundColor = UIColor.greenColor()
            theSquareView.center = view.center
            view.addSubview(theSquareView)
            animator = UIDynamicAnimator(referenceView: view)

            if let theAnimator = animator {
                let gravity = UIGravityBehavior(items: [theSquareView])
                theAnimator.addBehavior(gravity)
            }
        }
    }

5.2 再添加碰撞检测

//以view的bounds作为拦截线
     collision.translatesReferenceBoundsIntoBoundary = true

自定义拦截线

let bottomBoundary = "bottomBoundary"
let fromPoint = CGPoint(x: 0, y: view.bounds.height - 100)
        let toPoint = CGPoint(x: view.bounds.width, y: view.bounds.height - 100)
        collision.addBoundaryWithIdentifier(bottomBoundary, fromPoint:fromPoint, toPoint:toPoint)

UICollisionBehaviorDelegate：

• beganContactForItem： item开始碰撞
• endedContactForItem：item结束碰撞

func collisionBehavior(behavior: UICollisionBehavior, beganContactForItem item: UIDynamicItem, withBoundaryIdentifier identifier: NSCopying, atPoint p: CGPoint) {
        if identifier as? String == bottomBoundary {
            UIView.animateWithDuration(1, animations: { () -> Void in

                let view = item as! UIView
                view.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
                view.alpha = 0
                view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(2, 2)

                }, completion: { (finished:Bool) -> Void in

                    let view = item as! UIView
                    behavior.removeItem(item)
                    view.removeFromSuperview()
            })
        }
    }

collision.collisionDelegate = self

collisionMode的属性：
-UICollisionBehaviorModeItems: 会检测动态item之间的碰撞
-UICollisionBehaviorModeBoundaries： 检测动态item和boundary之间的碰撞
-UICollisionBehaviorModeEverything：检测所有碰撞，这个是缺省值

collision.collisionMode = UICollisionBehaviorMode.Items

5.3 Push （UIPushBehavior）

给被操纵物体一个push或pull的力，加速度恒定
步骤：

1. 用initWithItems:mode:做初始化，生成一个UIPushBehavior对象，
2. 其中mode使用UIPushBehaviorModeContinuous，
3. 然后要用setAngle，设置角度，角度的计算单位是radian，也就是π，
4. 然后要用setMagnitude，设置加速度等级，每一个单位是100/s2

角度的计算实际是计算斜率，公式：tanα=（y2-y1）/（x2-x1），如果想从点1到点2方向产生一个力，那么公式的第一个点是点1，第二个点是点2.

let deltaX = tapPoint.x - squareViewCenterPoint.x
let deltaY = tapPoint.y - squareViewCenterPoint.y

let angle = atan2(deltaY, deltaX)

pushBehavior!.angle = angle

Magnitude的计算：

 let distanceBetweenPoints = sqrt(pow(deltaX, 2.0) + pow(deltaY, 2.0))
 pushBehavior!.magnitude = distanceBetweenPoints / 300.0

实现手指点一下，正方形就飞向手指点的位置的动画：

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    var squareView: UIView?
    var animator: UIDynamicAnimator?
    var pushBehavior: UIPushBehavior?

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        createGestureRecognizer()
        createSmallSquareView()
        createAnimatorAndBehaviors()
    }

    func createSmallSquareView() {

        squareView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 80, height: 80))
        if let theSquareView = squareView {
            theSquareView.backgroundColor = UIColor.greenColor()
            theSquareView.center = view.center
            view.addSubview(theSquareView)
        }
    }

    func createGestureRecognizer() {

        let tapGestureRecognizer = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "handleTap:")
        view.addGestureRecognizer(tapGestureRecognizer)
    }

    func createAnimatorAndBehaviors() {

        animator = UIDynamicAnimator(referenceView: view)
        if let theSquareView = squareView {
            let collision = UICollisionBehavior(items: [theSquareView])
            collision.translatesReferenceBoundsIntoBoundary = true
            pushBehavior = UIPushBehavior(items: [theSquareView], mode: UIPushBehaviorMode.Continuous)
            animator!.addBehavior(collision)
            animator!.addBehavior(pushBehavior)
        }
    }

    func handleTap(tap: UITapGestureRecognizer) {

        let tapPoint = tap.locationInView(view)
        let squareViewCenterPoint = self.squareView!.center

        //angle是斜率， 公式： tanα=（y2-y1）/（x2-x1）
        // 因为是想产生从squareView到tapPoint的力，所以tapPoint是第二个点
        let deltaX = tapPoint.x - squareViewCenterPoint.x
        let deltaY = tapPoint.y - squareViewCenterPoint.y

        let angle = atan2(deltaY, deltaX)

        pushBehavior!.angle = angle

        //两点之间的距离
        let distanceBetweenPoints = sqrt(pow(deltaX, 2.0) + pow(deltaY, 2.0))
        pushBehavior!.magnitude = distanceBetweenPoints / 300.0

    }
}

5.4 UIAttachmentBehavior

attachment behavior可以让绿色的方块跟随红色方块运动，以棕色的方块为锚点（Anchor）。

attachmentBehavior = UIAttachmentBehavior(item: greenView, offsetFromCenter: UIOffset(horizontal: 30, vertical: -40), attachedToAnchor: redView.center)

方块跟随手指运动需要用panGestureRecognizer：

func createGestureRecognizer() {
        let panGestureRecognizer = UIPanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "handlePan:")
        view.addGestureRecognizer(panGestureRecognizer)

    }

func createAnimatorAndBehaviors() {
        animator = UIDynamicAnimator(referenceView: view)
        let collision = UICollisionBehavior(items: [squareView])
        collision.translatesReferenceBoundsIntoBoundary = true

        attachmentBehavior = UIAttachmentBehavior(item: squareView, offsetFromCenter: UIOffset(horizontal: 30, vertical: -40), attachedToAnchor: anchorView.center)
        animator?.addBehavior(collision)
        animator?.addBehavior(attachmentBehavior)
    }

    func handlePan(pan: UIPanGestureRecognizer) {
            let tapPoint = pan.locationInView(view)
            attachmentBehavior?.anchorPoint = tapPoint
            anchorView.center = tapPoint

    }

5.5 Snap Effect

有一种果冻颤抖的效果。
下列程序是方块跟着手走，而且有颤抖效果。
初始化函数是：

UISnapBehavior(item: squareView, snapToPoint: panPoint)

override func viewDidAppear(animated: Bool) {
        super.viewDidAppear(animated)

        self.createSmallSquareView()
        self.createGestureRecognizer()
        self.createAnimatorAndBehaviors()
    }

func createGestureRecognizer() {

        let pan = UIPanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: "handleTap:")
        view.addGestureRecognizer(pan)
    }

    func createSmallSquareView() {
        squareView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 80, height: 80))
        squareView.backgroundColor = UIColor.greenColor()
        squareView.center = view.center
        view.addSubview(squareView)

    }

func handlePan(pan:UIPanGestureRecognizer) {
        let panPoint = pan.locationInView(view)
        if let theSnap = snapBehavior {
            animator.removeBehavior(theSnap)
        }

        snapBehavior = UISnapBehavior(item: squareView, snapToPoint: panPoint)
        snapBehavior.damping = 0.5
        animator.addBehavior(snapBehavior)

    }

UIDynamicItemBehavior

参数：
- allowsRotation: 是否容许旋转
- resistance：阻力，范围是0 到CGFLOAT_MAX，值越大，阻力越大
- friction：摩擦力，范围从0.0 到1.0定义在舞台的每一条边有多少摩擦
- elasticity： 弹性，范围从0.0 到1.0, 缺省是0
- density：密度，范围从0 到1 （缺省是1），用于animator计算物体重量

初始化：

        animator = UIDynamicAnimator(referenceView: view)
        let gravity = UIGravityBehavior(items: [topView, bottomView])
        animator.addBehavior(gravity)

        let collision = UICollisionBehavior(items: [topView, bottomView])
        collision.translatesReferenceBoundsIntoBoundary = true
        animator.addBehavior(collision)

        let moreElasticItem = UIDynamicItemBehavior(items: [bottomView])
        moreElasticItem.elasticity = 1

        let lessElasticItem = UIDynamicItemBehavior(items: [topView])
        lessElasticItem.elasticity = 0.5
        animator.addBehavior(moreElasticItem)
        animator.addBehavior(lessElasticItem)