python (re) 正则表达式

 

1. re.match和 re.search, re.compile(见eg2)
import re

re.match(pattern, string, flags=0)

re.search(pattern, string, flags=0)

pattern: 模式串

string: 被匹配串

flags: 标志位， re.I 忽略大小写, re.M 多行匹配(影响^和$), re.S使.匹配换行在内的所有字符;

区别: 

match仅匹配开始, 开始不符合，返回None; 

search 匹配整个字符串，直到匹配到。

返回:  寻找成功，返回一个匹配对象Obj，否则为None;

eg1:

In [1]: import re

In [2]: pattern = 'hello'

In [3]: aim = 'hello world hello world'

In [4]: obj1 = re.match(pattern, aim)

In [5]: obj1
Out[5]: <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 5), match='hello'>

In [6]: obj1.span()
Out[6]: (0, 5)

In [10]: aim[0:5]
Out[10]: 'hello'

In [11]: obj1.groups()
Out[11]: ()

In [12]: obj1.group()
Out[12]: 'hello'

In [13]: obj1.group(0)
Out[13]: 'hello'

In [10]: aim[0:5]
Out[10]: 'hello'

In [11]: obj1.groups()
Out[11]: ()

In [12]: obj1.group()
Out[12]: 'hello'

In [13]: obj1.group(0)
Out[13]: 'hello'

eg2.

In [22]: str0 = 'aa is bb and cc'

In [23]: pattern0 = re.compile(r'(.*) is (.*) and (.*)')

In [24]: res0 = pattern0.match(str0)

In [25]: res0
Out[25]: <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 15), match='aa is bb and cc'>

In [26]: res0.group()
Out[26]: 'aa is bb and cc'

In [27]: res0.groups()
Out[27]: ('aa', 'bb', 'cc')

In [28]: res0.group(0,1)
Out[28]: ('aa is bb and cc', 'aa')

In [29]: res0.group(0,1,2)
Out[29]: ('aa is bb and cc', 'aa', 'bb')

In [30]: res1 = pattern0.search(str0)

In [31]: res1
Out[31]: <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 15), match='aa is bb and cc'>

In [32]: res1.groups()
Out[32]: ('aa', 'bb', 'cc')

2. re.sub(pattern, repl, string, count)

pattern: 模式串

repl: 替换成的字符串, 可以是函数

string: 被匹配串

count: 替换最大次数, 默认0表示替换所有匹配

eg1:

In [34]: str1 = 'a0b1c2d3e4f5'

In [35]: def triple(matched):
    ...:     v = int(matched.group('v'))
    ...:     return str(v*3)
    ...:

In [36]: res1 = re.sub(r'(?P<v>\d+)', triple, str1)

In [37]: res1
Out[37]: 'a0b3c6d9e12f15'

3. re.compile

pattern = re.compile('pattern')

pattern.match(string, start, end)

eg0:

In [39]: aim
Out[39]: 'hello world hello world'

In [40]: re.match('ello', aim, 0, 20)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-40-85a2ae02b17c> in <module>()
----> 1 re.match('ello', aim, 0, 20)

TypeError: match() takes from 2 to 3 positional arguments but 4 were given

In [41]: p1 = re.compile('ello')

In [42]: p1.match(aim, 0, 20)

In [43]: r1 = p1.match(aim, 0, 20)

In [44]: r1

In [45]: r2 = p1.match(aim, 2, 20)

In [46]: r2

In [47]: r3 = p1.match(aim, 1, 20)

In [48]: r3
Out[48]: <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(1, 5), match='ello'>
In [49]: r4 = p1.search(aim, 0, 20)

In [50]: r4
Out[50]: <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(1, 5), match='ello'>

 

4. re.findall(pattern, string, start, end)

In [51]: r5 = re.findall('ello', aim)

In [52]: r5
Out[52]: ['ello', 'ello']

In [53]: r6 = p1.findall(aim, 0, 20)

In [54]: r6
Out[54]: ['ello', 'ello']

In [55]: aim
Out[55]: 'hello world hello world'

5. re.finditer(pattern, string, flags=0)

In [57]: r7 = p1.finditer(aim)

In [58]: for i in r7:
    ...:     print(i)
    ...:
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(1, 5), match='ello'>
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(13, 17), match='ello'>

6. re.split(pattern, string, maxsplit=0, flags=0)

In [59]: aim
Out[59]: 'hello world hello world'

In [60]: re.split(r' ', aim)
Out[60]: ['hello', 'world', 'hello', 'world']

7. 模式串

模式串

模式	含义
^	开始
$	结束
.	任意字符，不含换行
[...]	[xxx]中的任一字符
[^...]	不在[xxx]中的字符
*	0个或多个
+	1个或多个
?	0个或1个
{n}	精确匹配n个
{n,}	多于或等于n个
{n,m}	n到m个
a|b	a或b
(?P<name>pattern)	pattern的参数名name
\w	字母数字下划线
\W	非字母数字下划线
\s	任意空白, [\n\t\r\f]
\S	任意非空白
\d	任意数字,[0-9]
\D	任意非数字
\A	字符串开始
\Z	字符串结束，换行前
\z	字符串结束，含换行
\b	单词边界
\B	非单词边界
\n	换行
\t	制表
\1..\9	第n个分组
[0-9], [a-z], [A-Z], [a-zA-Z0-9], [^0-9]	数字、小写字母、大写字母、字母及数字、非数字