制作GRUB2启动镜像

1.创建空镜像

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img bs=512 count=131072

2.新建一个bootable分区

$ fdisk disk.img
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
  p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
  e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-131071, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-131071, default 131071): 
Using default value 131071
Command (m for help): a 
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Syncing disks.

3.使用loop把分区挂载

 $ sudo losetup /dev/loop0 disk.img
 $ sudo losetup /dev/loop1 disk.img -o 1048576
 # 1048576 == 1MB，上面创建分区时从2048扇区开始，2048 × 512B

4.格式化分区

 $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop1
 $ sudo mount /dev/loop1 /mnt

5.安装grub2

 $ sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt --no-floppy \
 --modules="normal part_msdos ext2 multiboot  biosdisk" /dev/loop0

6.启动试一下

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -m 256 -display gtk disk.img
#因为没有系统，启动后会进入grub shell

参考http://wiki.osdev.org/GRUB_2#Disk_image_instructions